The boken fountain :: essays research papers

The Broken FountainThis story told about a humankind who travels to Naples, Italy. It is a first person narrative, almost like a diary of the persons life in Italy. He was looking for a mod society, and the reason for his travels is because he feels he should see how the race from that specific society live. He did not know anyone, or have anyone with him, nor did he speak the language. He doesnt know where anything is or about the complicated customs. Even though in the beginning he didnt understand these things, when he left, he had been molded into a forward-looking man.The first few chapters are just describing the place he lived, and about a man he met who taught him Italian. He lived in a run bolt down dirty apartment building with rates. He spent his first few days worrying about where he lived, and how he was spill to adjust to his new life. He then talks more about the man who teaches him to speak, and how the man showed him around and introduced him to people in soc iety.He was introduced to Lorenzo and Stefano through this man. These cardinal people quickly became the authors friend, and they showed him how to survive in Italy. They were compassionate toward the fact that he was an outsider, and didnt understand their culture. They were there to help him adapt to his new life, and to help him feel comfortable. They showed him the community where they lived, and how it was overall a bad group of people. People were always getting raped and robbed, and almost every night something else would happen. This was how people survived in this community. This made people unwelcoming of new people, and why it was hard fro him to meet people in the beginning.He would occasionally travel to Europe, and observe the societies there. He wrote down lots of notes about the culture and the way of life. The people in Europe were welcoming of him, and it really made him think of his outlook on the people in Italy where he lived. He quietly observed a criminal who had been allowed to move in with him, because he did not want the thief to die.At the end he opened his eyes and saw that the society was a complete mess.

journal :: essays research papers

Movie Scene White ChicksMarcus You sure this is gonna work?Kevin comely trust me, follow my lead.Marcus What up, you got a problem? What you lookin at my butt for? Nah, hey hold my poodle. Hey yo, what up you got a problem? Yall wants some a this, you want some of this? What, male child what? Ill take the both of you -Kevin Marcus, cut it out-Marcus What, hes lookin at me like Im some kind of girl, man- Kevin You are a girl, and you split up start acting like one or your gonna be an unemployed girl. Man Dang, Id sure like to cut that cake...Kevin Hey yo, hold this (Hands hotdog to Marcus) Hey yo, you trying to look at my lumps? Ill take off my g-string and handle mine Ill handle mine dog- Marcus (whispers) its Gomez.Gomez Welcome to the Royal Hamptons Hotel (gestures to hotel).Kevin The bags in the car Jose.Gomez The names GomezKevin Whatever...Marcus And yeah here, take Baby. Clean out his bag, poor thing just pooped everywhere. And teach him how t o say yo quiero taco Bell. T hanks a lot Rico Suava- Kevin GratsiMarcus Thanks Julio. Gomez Right away maam.Walks into hotel lobby.Kevin (Marcus trips) Sweetie, youve gotta slow up with those Cosmos. (Giggles) Brittney and Tiffany Wilson... (Bumps rack on counter with her boobs) Sorry, um, um there new. Dr. Drorphman did an amazing line of productsMarcus They feel sooo real (Kevin giggles) Harper Hi, yeah, I, I, I just need to see, uh, a credit card, and some I.D. please.Kevin Credit Card? I.D.? I am so fricken absurd -Harper Maam, I, I-Kevin First of all, I go to Dr. Drorphmans, he totally messes up my nose job. I ask him to make me look like Gweneth Paltrow I nail off the surgery table lookin like fricken Shrek (Marcus sympathizes for her) Then I get here, and Mr. Harper makes me feel like some dumb blonde with fake boobs, dismission to a Hue Hephner partyHarper I didnt mean to offend you, its just that, its protocol-Kevin Im gonna have a B.FMarcus Oh my godHarper No, no, no, no, no, dont, dont, have, uh, uh B.F. now- Kevin I want to speak to your supervisor, better yet, Im gonna write a letter...(Harper trying to calm her down)

Jazz Dance :: essays research papers

Afterreading the article on jazz leap, I had found out a number of interestingthings that I hadnt know before. I thought it was a dance form that wasfairly new, starting in the early 1900s. I then found out that it actually pre-dates all the centering back to theseventeenth century. I also thought itcame from the United States, when it really originated in Africa and wasbrought here by the slaves. The dancingand drumming was such a scatter of their lives it was eventually keep by theslaves on the plantations with dancing and the clapping of their hands forrhythm. It was used as a form ofentertainment, as well as enjoyment, and sometimes, even for competition. It wasaround the 1830s when the song and dance of the Africans began being performedin theaters, called Minstrel shows,but the dancers were actually white. Then in the 1860s, blacks were finally aloud to perform in these shows. They became very popular and then diedout in the early 1900s, which range the way for new shows . The most popular of these being the Vaudeville show. The Vaudeville show, presented a numberof different acts with all different cultures of people and dance, whichencouraged diversity. It served as aprofessional school, a readying ground and an experimental station for dancersdestined for Broadway, nightclubs and film.-Richard Kislan. The Vaudevilleera began the emergence of jazz music, which mixed ragtime and blues. The dancers would then begin to connect tothe condensed rhythms of jazz music. Nowjazz incorporates a gathering of styles and movement, which can implicate a lot ofdifferent things to different people. When welearned jazz dance in class, I found it hard to keep up at first. I liked the way it looked, when someone whoknew what they were doing, was dancing. I remember changing directions a lot. I also noticed while dancing that you use pretty much every part of yourbody. I thought I would be good at it,considering I am an athlete, and I am tune with my body. But I wa snt, I equitable felt like so manydifferent things to remember. Maybe if Ipracticed it more, I could pick it up. What I didlike about jazz dance, is how free it is. It really gives you the opportunity to express yourself. Even the cat who came in to instruct us wastelling everyone to perform the moves in your own style. Since we didnt really have any jazz music, Ifound it hard to keep rhythm.

Chemical Basis of Life :: essays research papers

Chapter 4The Chemical Basis of LifeIntroductionYour trunk is an elaborate chemical system.Chemical signals between brain less enable your mind to understand what you see.You nourish those cells with chemicals that are obtained from food.Life is all about chemicals and how they actConcept 4.1Life requires about 25 chemical elementsElementsHumans and opposite organisms are examples of matter. way out Anything that occupies space and has mass. (Physical things)The various forms of matter are composed of unmatchable or more chemical elements.Element A pure substance that cannot be down(p) down into smaller substances by chemical means in that respect are 25 elements are essential to life. Four of these elements are Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N). These support up about 96% of the funding matter in your body. Calcium (CA), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), sulfur (S), and a few other elements account for near of the remaining 4%.Trace Elements elements that make up less that 0.01 percent of your body mass are nevertheless critical to your health. deepens almost elements can interact with other elements forming complex types of matter called compounds.Compound A substance containing two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio.Compounds properties may differ greatly from those of its components.though simple compounds like sodium chloride and water play important roles in living things, most compounds found in organisms are more complex, containing at least(prenominal) three or four elements.Concept 4.2Chemical properties are based on the body structure of atoms.Different elements have distinct properties. Some are stiff metal at room temperature, some are invisible gases, some elements readily act with other elements, whiles others hardly react at all. These properties affect the roles that different elements play in biological processes. This section describes how an elements properties to its structure.Atom sEach element consists of a single configuration of atom that is different from the atoms of all other elements.Atom- gets its name from the Greek word atomos, meaning indivisible is the smallest possible Pierceit would take more than tree one thousand thousand carbon atoms to stretch across the period printed at the annul of this sentence.Atoms are all elements are made up of even smaller components called subatomic particles. Proton Is a subatomic particle with a single unit of collateral electrical charge.Electron is a subatomic particle with a unit of negative charge.Neutron is electrically neutral.Nucleus is the center of an atom. It is made up of tightly packed protons and neutrons.Electrons, which have much less mass than neutrons and protons continually, move about the outside of the nucleus at great speed.Chemical Basis of Life essays research papers Chapter 4The Chemical Basis of LifeIntroductionYour body is an elaborate chemical system.Chemical signals between br ain less enable your mind to understand what you see.You nourish those cells with chemicals that are obtained from food.Life is all about chemicals and how they interactConcept 4.1Life requires about 25 chemical elementsElementsHumans and other organisms are examples of matter.Matter Anything that occupies space and has mass. (Physical things)The various forms of matter are composed of one or more chemical elements.Element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by chemical meansThere are 25 elements are essential to life. Four of these elements are Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N). These make up about 96% of the living matter in your body. Calcium (CA), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), sulfur (S), and a few other elements account for most of the remaining 4%.Trace Elements elements that make up less that 0.01 percent of your body mass are nevertheless critical to your health.CompoundsMost elements can interact with other elements form ing complex types of matter called compounds.Compound A substance containing two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio.Compounds properties may differ greatly from those of its components.Though simple compounds like sodium chloride and water play important roles in living things, most compounds found in organisms are more complex, containing at least three or four elements.Concept 4.2Chemical properties are based on the structure of atoms.Different elements have different properties. Some are solid metal at room temperature, some are invisible gases, some elements readily react with other elements, whiles others hardly react at all. These properties affect the roles that different elements play in biological processes. This section describes how an elements properties to its structure.AtomsEach element consists of a single kind of atom that is different from the atoms of all other elements.Atom- gets its name from the Greek word atomos, meaning indivisible is the smallest possible Pierceit would take more than tree million carbon atoms to stretch across the period printed at the end of this sentence.Atoms are all elements are made up of even smaller components called subatomic particles. Proton Is a subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge.Electron is a subatomic particle with a unit of negative charge.Neutron is electrically neutral.Nucleus is the center of an atom. It is made up of tightly packed protons and neutrons.Electrons, which have much less mass than neutrons and protons continually, move about the outside of the nucleus at great speed.

Harlem Renaissance :: essays research papers

Harlem RenaissanceWhat is a renaissance? A renaissance is a movement or period of vigorous chaste and intellectual activity. There was a famous renaissance in Europe during the transition from medieval times to modern times that is still taught today. There was, also, a not so well known renaissance that occurred in the United States from the 1920s to the 1930s in Manhattan. This renaissance was called The New Negro Movement, hardly was later called the Harlem Renaissance. During this time, there was an unprecedented outburst of creative activity among African-Americans that occurred in all fields of art. The renaissance started off as a series of literary discussions in lower Manhattan (Greenwich Village) and upper Manhattan (Harlem). Many African-Americans had a considerable impact on modern day arts during this renaissance.Alain LeRoy Locke was considered the leader and chief interpreter of the Harlem Renaissance. His efforts to unwrap race-based myths of the inherent intellec tual, social, and spiritual inferiority of African-Americans that emerged in the post Reconstruction era are thought to be some of his greatest accomplishments. He sought to ruin commonly held myths through his writings and by identifying, selecting and promoting a talented group of well-educated African-Americans to become leaders and role models in their communities. To achieve greater apprehensiveness and harmony between the two races, Locke declared that "...there is a growing realization that in social effort the cooperative basis must supplant foresightful distance philanthropy." This meant he felt that Negro people would have to develop self-sufficiency and no longer rely on seemingly altruistic efforts of opposite people.Langston Hughes was one of the poets who published many works of literature during this time. He acquired a medal give by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored pack known as the Spingarn Medal in 1960. With this medal, he joine d the ranks of famous African-Americans who spoke out or showed that racism was wrong such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Maya Angelou, genus Rosa Parks, and George Washington Carver. Another person who played a role in the Harlem Renaissance was Countee Cullen. At New York University his works attracted critical attention. His first collection of poems, discolor (1925), was published before he finished college. Countee was a part of the fresh generation of new writers that came out during the renaissance. In 1927, Countee published two more volumes of rhythm - Copper Sun and The Ballad of the Brown Girl - and edited an anthology of Negro poetry called Caroling Dusk.

Harlem Renaissance :: essays research papers

Harlem RenaissanceWhat is a renaissance? A renaissance is a movement or period of vigorous artistic and intellectual activity. at that place was a famous renaissance in Europe during the transition from medieval times to modern times that is still taught today. There was, also, a not so well known renaissance that occurred in the United States from the 1920s to the 1930s in Manhattan. This renaissance was called The New Negro Movement, but was later called the Harlem Renaissance. During this time, in that respect was an unprecedented outburst of creative activity among African-Americans that occurred in all fields of art. The renaissance started off as a series of literary discussions in unhorse Manhattan (Greenwich Village) and upper Manhattan (Harlem). Many African-Americans had a considerable impact on modern day arts during this renaissance.Alain LeRoy Locke was considered the leader and chief interpreter of the Harlem Renaissance. His efforts to debunk race-based myths of th e inherent intellectual, social, and sacred inferiority of African-Americans that emerged in the post Reconstruction era are thought to be some of his greatest accomplishments. He sought to destroy commonly held myths through his writings and by identifying, selecting and promoting a talented group of well-educated African-Americans to become leaders and role models in their communities. To achieve greater understanding and harmony among the two races, Locke declared that "...there is a growing realization that in social effort the cooperative basis must supplant long distance philanthropy." This meant he felt that Negro people would have to develop self-sufficiency and no longer rely on seemingly altruistic efforts of other people.Langston Hughes was one of the poets who print many works of literature during this time. He acquired a medal give by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People known as the Spingarn Medal in 1960. With this medal, he joine d the ranks of famous African-Americans who spoke out or showed that racism was wrong such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Maya Angelou, Rosa Parks, and George Washington Carver. another(prenominal) person who played a role in the Harlem Renaissance was Countee Cullen. At New York University his works attracted critical attention. His first collection of poems, COLOR (1925), was published in the first place he finished college. Countee was a part of the fresh generation of new writers that came out during the renaissance. In 1927, Countee published two more volumes of verse - Copper sunbathe and The Ballad of the Brown Girl - and edited an anthology of Negro poetry called Caroling Dusk.

Glaxowellcome

Case 21 The Headaches of GlaxoWellcome comply with regulations, and selling it to the end users man making a pro? t. In addition, at that place is a tariff for the import of candelilla wax into Japan of 3. 8 percent this is for both ? rst or second re? ned candelilla wax. FUTURE OF THE CANDELILLA WAX INDUSTRY ? According to executives of Ceras Deserticas, the future of this mart is promising. They expect yield in the future, although they they have non do public the actual estimated growth for the grocery. They argon worried about the best path to take advantage of this growing and competitive market. The labor is consolidating and if Ceras Deserticas does nothing, it leave al superstar either die or be taken over. As menti nonp atomic number 18ild before, there atomic number 18 several common ventures in which U. S. companies are investing in Mexico to contract a steady supply of candelilla wax. Both Ceras Nacionales de Mexico and 735 Multiceras have established joint ventures with American companies. They are pursuing research and development to try to pretend a synthetic wax that can replicate the characteristics of candelilla wax and meet the requirements of end-users.DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Of the terce options options presented at the beginning of ? the case, what should Ceras Deserticas do? 2. Why would Mitsuba Trading Co. be interested in a joint ? venture with Ceras Deserticas? 3. What would be the advantages and disadvantages for Ceras ? Deserticas of a joint venture? ? 4. What outline must Ceras Deserticas follow in approaching joint venture? C ASE 21 THE HEADACHES OF GLAXOWELLCOME Migraine medicine is a key growth area for Glaxo Wellcome Inc. Glaxo) a Britain-based pharmaceutical club with worldwide operations. 1 Glaxos primary business is to market prescription(prenominal) produces to physicians and health caveat providers. Glaxo was the ? rst pharmaceutical company to manufacture and market a revolutionary pertly yr of pre scription megrim medicinal drugs called triptans. Triptans, which Glaxo slinged in 1993, are a class of medications that work speci? cally on the 5HT-1 receptor sites, which are believed by doctors to be the primary cause of hemicrania headaches.In mid may of 1997, Sir Benjamin Palmer, the general manager of Glaxos CNS/GI metabolous division, sat at the head of the conference hold over in board G-1 of the Glaxo Wellcome global headquarters in Stockley Park West, England. A group of 6 marketers (3 from the Professional group and 3 from the Commercial team) were staged in front of Palmer and two debility pre human facents of sales (East and West). The three of? cers listened attentively to the ? nal marketing presentation that more than 60 marketing team members had worked on for the past 19 months.The issue How to launch Naramig, Glaxos new (second generation) prescription hemicrania medicine, in the U. K. In the back of Palmers mind were the pastime considerations Altho ugh Naramig was considered by Glaxo to be a interrupt triptan than Imigran, in reality, there were some attributes of Naramig that were inferior to those of Imigran. It was not as if Imigran had not been successful Glaxo had captured 91 percent of the prescription medication market share (in ? s) for megrims in the U. K. Glaxo expected the favorable reception and launch of its competitor, Zenecas ? st triptan medication (Zomig) prior to that of Naramig, and likewise, expected Zeneca to market Zomig as a 2nd generation triptan. 8 1 Months Later 2 archaeozoic in February of 1998, a uniform scene to that of 8 1 months 2 ago, in room G-1 of the U. K. headquarters, was taking place in a conference room located at the U. S. home of? ce in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Mark Glackin, U. S. General Manager of Glaxos CNS/GI Metabolic Division, considered several marketing options presented by the team for the U. S. aunch of Amerge, Glaxos second-generation triptan that had be en marketed in the U. K. as Naramig. 2 Although Glackin had several considerations to keep in mind, various factors and rasets gave Glackin a much contrastive perspective than 1 that of Palmer 8 2 months earlier How would U. K. hospitals and doctors react to Glaxos promotion of Naramig? Glaxo was apprised of the marketing strategy chosen by the U. K. for Naramig and its short-term results. What was the best product positioning of Naramig with respect to Imigran? This case was prepared by Jared Fontaine, Aaron C.Lennon, and Robert Moscato of the project School of Business and Management at Temple University under the supervision of Professor Masaaki Kotabe for class discussion rather than to illustrate either legal or ineffective management of a situation described (2001). 1 Today the company is know as GlaxoSmithK railway line, which was compriseed in January 2001 as the result of a merger between GlaxoWellcome and SmithKline Beecham. Zenecas Zomig had in fact been approved and launched in the U. K. prior to that of Naramig. The do of Zomig on the success of Naramig and Imigran were thusly available for analysis by Glackin. Just as in the U. K. , Glaxo U. S. expected the approval and launch of Zomig in the U. S. prior to that of Amerge. 2 Like Amerge/Naramig, Glaxos research indicated that the name Imitrex would fare better than Imigran in the U. S. market. 736 Case 21 The Headaches of GlaxoWellcome EXHIBIT 1 The Businiess GW Portfolio 1998 ?1,027m (+9%) ? 432m (+5%) ? 1,971m (+24%) respiratory Viral Infections CNS ? 688m (? 44%) ? 749m (+1%) ? 1,209m (? 4%) ? 1,089m (+31%) (Migraine ? 645m) Migraine Bacterial Infections Gastro-intestinal Oncology Others % of Sales 28 17 15 9 10 10 6 14Total sales ? 7,165m increase of 2% Glaxo U. S. had launched the marketing promotion of Product Lines Migraine Depression Gastrointestinal Imitrex (the U. S. mark name of U. K. s Imigran)3 Nasal crop-dusting 5 months earlier. on pharmaceutical marketing, Glaxo U. S. could use directto-the-consumer (DTC) advertising to promote Amerge. Unlike the U. K. , which has stricter government regulations Allergy/Immunology/Respiratory Division Product Lines Allergy/Immunology Asthma COPD lodge BACKGROUND GlaxoWellcome Inc. was formed in 1995 when U. K. based Glaxo Pharmaceuticals, a relatively young company, acquired U. K. pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome in a corporate takeover. The acquisition made Glaxo Wellcome Inc. one of the top three pharmaceutical ? rms in the world with round 4 percent of the worldwide prescription pharmaceutical market. International Organization GlaxoWellcome Inc. is based in the U. K. with its ecumenic Headquarters located in Stockley Park West. As of 1997, Glaxo Wellcome Inc. had 22 local operating companies (LOCs) in 9 countries of which Glaxo U. S. was one. Although based in the U.K. , the U. S. market made up approximately 40 percent of worldwide sales, while the U. K. whole accounted for 7 percent. Due t o the rigid guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Glaxos products are generally introduced ? rst in one of the other 8 LOCs before gaining approval in the U. S. The majority of R&D and production for Glaxo takes place in the U. S. , U. K. , France, and Italy, from each(prenominal) one having both an R&D unit and manufacturing plants. Organizational Structure/Product Lines The systemal structure of Glaxo Wellcome in both the U. K. and the U. S. s based around its 3 divisions and the product lines within each of those divisions HIV/Oncology Division Product Lines HIV Cancer Glaxo sells prescription medications that fall into one of these three product lines. As of 1998, the migraine product line made up just over 9 percent of total Glaxo sales worldwide. The CNS/GI Metabolic division, of which migraine makes up 60 percent, grew 31 percent from 1997 to 1998 (see Exhibit 1). THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Pharmaceuticals are generally classi? ed into two categories over -the-counter ( unlisted) and prescription medications.As of 1998, there were no OTC drugs speci? cally formulated for migraine. After a pharmaceutical medication has been developed, there are two stages approval and marketing. Approval In order for a pharmaceutical company to market and sell any medication that they have developed, the product must ? rst be approved by the respective regulatory body of each kingdom (FDA in the U. S. , MCA in the U. K. ). On average it takes 12 years for an experimental drug to travel from the lab to the medicine chest. Only ? ve in 5,000 compounds that enter presymptomatic testing make it to human testing.One of these ? ve tested in multitude is approved. Although each country has Central Nervous System/Gastrointestinal Metabolic Division (CNS/GI) 3 Market research showed that U. S. consumers would be more responsive to the brand name Amerge than that of Naramig. Case 21 The Headaches of GlaxoWellcome its own particular set of guidelines and sp eci? c procedures for approval, new medicines are generally developed and approved as follows 1. Preclinical TestingThis is the exploratory process where a pharmaceutical company identi? es compounds through in vitro (test tube) testing.The deliverable at the end of this process are compounds that can enter Phase One of Clinical Testing. 2. Clinical Trials, Phases in that respect are three mandatory phases of clinical trials. These clinical trials study the medicines safety pro? le, how it is absorbed and distributed, the duration of its action, its ef? cacy, and side effects. 3. ApplicationFollowing the completion of all three phases of clinical trials, the company analyzes all of the data and applies for approval in the respective country if the data successfully demonstrate safety and effectiveness. The application contains all of the scienti? information that the company has gathered. At this point, the regulatory body may request further information. 4. Approval/RefusalOnce the regulatory body completes the professional assessment of all relevant information, it either approves the application and the new medicine becomes available for physicians to prescribe, or, if unsatis? ed, refuses to grant approval. There is one important distinction between the U. S. and the U. K. in the approval stage of pharmaceuticals. In the U. S. , every(prenominal) medication must be approved by the FDA before it can be marketed and sold.However, because of the existence of the europiuman Union (EU), it is possible that a medication may be approved in member nations without existence professionally assessed and analyzed by each countrys respective regulatory body. This means that if one member nations (e. g. Swedens) regulatory body approves a medication, the applying pharmaceutical company can either ask the other EU member nations to choose Swedens approval or apply to each member nation separately. If one member nation approves a medication, then all of the countries in the coarse Recognition procedure have the same prescribing information.However, if a medication receives independent approvals, then the prescribing information will be unique in each country. The variation can have an effect if applying in each country separately produces slightly diametric results in the trial phases (e. g. , perhaps the trials show that a medication is more effective for its desired indication during trials in the U. K. as compared to similar trials performed in Sweden). Marketing In general, products are marketed and advertised solely toward the ? nal consumer. This makes sense since it is the ? al consumer that ordinarily has the ? nal say as to whether he/she will actually purchase the product. However, pharmaceuticals are marketed to physicians and hospitals that in turn decide if they will prescribe the medication to their unhurrieds. U. S. vs. U. K Although it is illegal for pharmaceutical companies to advertise their products directly to longanimo us/consumers in the U. K. , 737 in the U. S. (as of 1997) direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising is permitted. Research has shown that DTC advertising in the U. S. has a large impact on sales.The research shows that patients requests for speci? c medications marketed by speci? c pharmaceutical companies affect the companies sales to physicians and hospitals. The other major difference in the pharmaceutical industry between the U. S. and the U. K. is the extent of governmental coverage. In the U. K. , the health care system is socialized. Doctors are paid by the government with an additional payment per patient. Everyone is entitled to gratis(p) medical care under the plan, which is funded by the National Treasury and Health Insurance Tax. The U. S. on the other hand, has not employed socialized medicine, although Medicare and Medicaid cover a signi? careen part of the population. Instead, the U. S. health care system follows an insurance-based coverage scheme whereby individuals bu y insurance from a company, which in turn pays for their medical costs. HEADACHES AND MIGRAINES Doctors classify headaches into three main types cluster headaches tension-type headaches migraines Cluster headaches are the most painful type but also quite rare and whence have not offered pharmaceutical companies a suf? cient market potency to pro? ably develop and market a medication speci? cally foc employ on curing these headaches. Tension-type headaches, while the most prevalent, are generally capable of being combated with over-the-counter medications such as aspirin and ibuprofen and hence, likewise do not offer Glaxo a pro? table market for which to develop a prescription product. Migraines, on the other hand, are suffered by an estimated 26. 3 zillion people in the U. S. , 5 million people in the U. K. , and at the time of Glaxos launch of Imigran/Imitrex, were not effectively treatable with over-the-counter medications.Migraines are complicated combinations of intense pain (usually on one side of the head) and neurological symptoms like visual problems, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound, which often reduce the sick persons productivity and concentration and in some cases render the sufferer bedridden. In the U. K. about 18 million working days are lost to migraine sufferers a year. In the U. S. approximately 10 million migraine sufferers were bedridden for more than 3 million days per month and experienced 74. 2 million restricted activity days per year (as of 1989). Such statistics read to lost workplace productivity ranging from $5. billion to $17 billion annually in the U. S. and sick pay and replacement personnel costs of ? 750 million in the U. K. annually. Hence, in the early 1990s, Glaxo took advantage of the market potential for migraine-speci? c prescription drugs. 4 4 At the time of Glaxo Wellcome Inc. s entrance into the market for prescription migraine medicines, although doctors were prescribing drugs for migrain es, these drugs were not migraine-speci? c but rather were drugs that were developed for general pain quietus. 738 Case 21 The Headaches of GlaxoWellcome IMIGRAN/IMITREX In 1993, Glaxo Pharmaceuticals introduced in the U.K. and the U. S. , the ? rst medication (triptan) speci? cally formulated for the needlelike treatment of migraine. 6 Imitrex/Imigran when initially launched in March of 1993 was produced in injection form. In 1995 and 1997, Glaxo followed up the marketing of Imitrex/Imigran by introducing line extensions in the forms of tablets and nasal spraying, one by one (see Exhibit 2). Imitrex/Imigran5 uncomfortable injecting themselves). Sales of Imitrex/Imigran worldwide grew from less than $350 million in the year of its introduction to more than $1 billion in 1997.Imigran/Imitrex SWOT Glaxo considered the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Imigran/Imitrex to be the following StrengthsImigran/Imitrex was the ? rst medication marketed toward speci? c migraine relief. Hence, Imigran/Imitrex had a strong brand image as the market leader, and in fact played a signi? cant role in the development of the migraine market. Imigran/Imitrex was also a potent medication with a proven ef? cacy it was in fact very successful in relieving the pain of migraine headaches. Although there were some side effects associated with the medication, Imigran/Imitrex has a proven safety pro? e. The fact that Imigran/Imitrex is offered in 3 different line extensions offers Glaxo a portfolio of relief to offer to various patients. WeaknessesThe fact that Imigran/Imitrex is a potent medication has its downside as come up. The medication proves to be too powerful for some patients, which therefore limits its use. Moreover, Imigran/Imitrex is expensive relative to OTC products that were used to ? ght headaches. This weakness of being expensive is exacerbated by the fact that the medication has a high rate of counter (a patient may need to take the drug more than once during a migraine).Although Imigran/Imitrex is proven to be safe, because of the side effects (e. g. , tightening of the chest), there is a experience by some that the medication is not safe. OpportunitiesGlaxo felt that having 3 product line extensions opened up the opportunity to perhaps exploit Imigran/Imitrex as a medication that is right for every kind of migraine sufferer. The biggest opportunity for Glaxo and Imigran/Imitrex is the fact that the migraine market was completely underdeveloped. EXHIBIT 2 Line Extension shooter Tablet Nasal Spray U.K. 3/1993 5/1995 5/1997 U. S. 3/1993 7/1995 8/1997 These line extensions were spurred by the fact that only a downhearted percentage of the total 26. 3 million migraine sufferers had ever tried Imitrex/Imigran in injection form. Hence, Glaxo, even 2 years after the introduction of Imitrex/Imigran injections, viewed the potential market as wide open. The injection formulation of the product provides the fastest reliefas ea rly as 10 minutes the nasal sprayas early as 15 minutes and the tabletas early as 30 minutes.Hence, Glaxo has been successful marketing the injection form of Imitrex/Imigran exploitation a strategy of quick-relief (an aspect that is very important to severe migraine sufferers) and successful marketing the tablet and nasal spray forms of the drug using a strategy of easy and painless administration (an aspect that is important to migraine sufferers who are 5 The launch of Imigran/Imitrex came prior to the Glaxo Pharmaceuticals acquisition of Burroughs Wellcome, Inc. 6 Glaxo used the brand name Imitrex in the U. S. nd the brand name Imigran in the U. K. for the same product. Market research showed that the name Imitrex would fare better with U. S. physicians and hospitals. EXHIBIT 3 GlaxoWellcome Worldwide Migraine Franchise $m 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1993 Injection 1994 1995 Tabs 1996 1997 1998 Nasal Spray Case 21 The Headaches of GlaxoWellcome ThreatsThe two main threats to Imigran/Imitrex are that of contest and cannibalization. Glaxo was aware that Zeneca was close to marketing a competitor triptan called Zomig. SinceImigran/Imitrex had been on the market for over four years, Glaxo felt that Zomig would be marketed as a second-generation triptan (an improved edition of Glaxos ? rst-generation Imigran/Imitrex). Imigran/Imitrex had also experienced some cannibalization effects between its 3 line extensions (see Exhibit 3). The Underdeveloped Migraine Market As of 1997, the fact of the matter, was that approximately 90 percent of migraine sufferers were not being medicated with a triptan (see Exhibit 4). This meant that many people were still taking ineffective OTC drugs to combat their migraine pain.Accordingly, Glaxo considered the market for triptan drugs to have great potential. 739 Exhibit 5 shows how Naramig/Amerge speci? cally compared to Imigran/Imitrex as a migraine medication. EXHIBIT 5 Imigran vs. Naramig MEASURE Speed of onset Peak talent Consistency of response Tolerability Incidence of chest pain Incidence of recurrence ORDER (best first) Imigran Naramig Imigran Naramig Imigran Naramig Naramig Imigran Naramig Imigran Naramig Imigran EXHIBIT 4 Migraine market = underdeveloped 48 million migraine patients 586 million migraine gusts/yearNaramig/Amerge SWOT Glaxo considered the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Naramig/Amerge to be the following StrengthsAlthough not as powerful as Imigran/Imitrex, Naramig/Amerge was effective in relieving migraine pain. Its biggest strength, relative to Imigran/Imitrex was its indistinctness the side effects caused by Naramig/Amerge were substantially less compared to Imigran/Imitrex, which gave it user friendly image. Its long duration of pain relief gave Naramig/Amerge a low rate of recurrence 67 percent of patients require only one dose of Naramig/Amerge over a 24-hour period.Naramig/Amerge was able to be marketed as a true second-generation triptan (an improvement on the ? rst) since Glaxo was the company that had introduced the ? rst triptan medication. WeaknessesThe major weaknesses of Naramig/Amerge were twofold. First, it had a slow onset of action. This of course would turn off patients looking for fast relief. Second, Naramig/Amerge had only been developed in tablet form and therefore lacked marketability in terms of line extensions. OpportunitiesThe market opportunity for Naramig/ Amerge was quite obvious.At the time of Naramig/Amerges approval, only 10 percent of all migraine attacks were being treated with triptan drugs. This meant that 90 percent of migraine sufferers were either not being treated at all, or treated with relatively ineffective medications. ThreatsLike Glaxos ? rst-generation triptan, Naramig/ Amerges biggest threat came from Zenecas Zomig. Although it was unclear how successful Zomig would be in stealing Glaxos market share and expanding the market through sales to the untapped 90 percent, what was clear was that Zomig was likely to be approved in both the U.K. and the U. S. prior to Glaxo obtaining approval for Naramig/Amerge. COMPETITION 60 Triptan Rx = 10% 526 Million Attacks Since its introduction in 1993, Imitrex/Imigran had clearly played a role in de? ning patient expectations. However, combining its awareness that Zeneca was in the process of developing Zomig and the fact that Glaxo, as a company, was eternally looking to bring new medications and improvements to the forefront, Glaxo had worked on developing a secondgeneration triptan of its own.Company research revealed that for a new triptan product to be successful, patients and doctors would require it to be as effective as Imitrex/Imigran but with a longer duration of pain relief and a lower side effect pro? le. NARAMIG/AMERGE Naramig/Amerge, Glaxos second-generation triptan, was actually being developed prior to the launch of Imigran/ Imitrex. 7 Amerge/Naramig, only available in tablet form, tested to have both a lon ger duration and a lower side effect pro? le than Imigran/Imitrex.Although Naramig/Amerge was considered by Glaxo to be a better triptan than Imigran/Imitrex, in reality, there were attributes of Naramig/ Imigran that were inferior to those of Imigran/Imitrex. 7 Glaxo, as with Imigran/Imitrex, used the brand name Naramig in the U. K. and the brand name Amerge in the U. S. for this new triptan drug. This decision was once again a product of market research. When Glaxo Pharmaceuticals acquired Burroughs Wellcome in 1995, they had already launched Imigran/Imitrex (1993). 740 Case 21 The Headaches of GlaxoWellcome However, Burroughs Wellcome was also developing a triptan of its own.When the takeover took place, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) forced Glaxo Wellcome to divest one of its triptan formulations because of antitrust implications (i. e. , monopolization). Having already successfully marketed Imigran/Imitrex, Glaxo Wellcome of course chose to divest the triptan that Burroug hs Wellcome had developed. (Burroughs only completed about 55 percent of the clinical trials. ) Zeneca purchased the rights to this incomplete triptan and ? nished the further development and application process of what came to be Zomig.Glaxo had the following assumptions about Zomig powerful means of maximizing market share, Palmer was unsure of the logistics of such an approach and worried about the ethical considerations of focusing the promotion of their product in areas based on factors such as socioeconomic status. Also, Palmer considered the fact that such a strategy may overlook patient needs. 3. An Alternative Whereby Glaxo would market Naramig as an alternative to Imigran/Imitrex, (e. g. , skipper different similar). The pros of the Alternative strategy were that it could detract from competitor noise, and could in fact devalue the image of the econd-generation triptan. This latter aspect may be an effective way to combat Zomig. The biggest drawback of this strategy was t he idea that if there were no clear message (in terms of the medication that was best for migraines) it could lead to confusion and hence hurt Glaxos image. 4. Replacement Whereby Glaxo would discontinue the marketing of Imigran and focus solely on Naramig. This option ? t well with the overall concept that Naramig was an overall superior drug to Imigran. It would also allow Naramig to gain all the bene? s of a new compound secondgeneration, safety, and low recurrence. However, Palmer worried about the confusion that would accompany such an approach and if a Replacement strategy would devalue Glaxo Wellcome in the eyes of physicians and hospitals. 5. Dont Launch Whereby Glaxo would only continue to market Imigran and never launch Naramig. Although this strategy might class all triptans as the same, negating Zomig as a second-generation, Palmer had already made up his mind that not launching Naramig was a crazy of an opportunity and of resources that went into developing the medicat ion.There was also the consideration that Zeneca would still be able to accomplish marketing Zomig as a second-generation triptan and leave Zeneca with an open ? eld. Naramig in the U. K. Palmer and his team chose a Replacement strategy for Naramig. This involved ceasing all promotion of Imigran (except to the extent of sales for patients who were already using Imigran) and positioning Naramig as the recommended starting place for migraine patients. Palmer felt that replacement was the best way to attract triptan-na? atients and ? ve capture the untapped market. Glaxo focused the promotion around Naramig as a patient-friendly medication providing patients with the best relief on the market. The results showed that the replacement strategy met Glaxo U. K. expectations. Naramig proved to be effective for migraine headaches in the majority of patients. In terms of the 90 percent untapped market, Naramig was like by 67 percent of previous non-triptan users. Exhibit 6 shows worldwide sa les of Glaxo Wellcomes two triptan drugs.It is clear that the replacement strategy thwarted the growth of Imigran, and that Zomig and Naramig were both successful in expanding the market. overlap POSITIONING U. S Mark Glackin was now faced with the same decision that Palmer was faced with 8 ? months earlier. What was the best strategy to market Amerge with respect to Imitrex in the U. S. Like Naramig/Amerge, Zomig had a lower recurrence rate than Imigran/Imitrex. Zeneca would be successful in marketing Zomig as a secondgeneration triptan even though it was the companys ? rst triptan. This was simply an issue of timing. Zomigs ef? cacy was comparable to Imigran/Imitrex. Zomig would be launched in both the U. K. and the U. S. prior to Naramig/Amerge gaining approval in both markets. PRODUCT POSITIONING U. K Sir Benjamin Palmer sat in his of? ce weighing all the information he had just learned in the marketing meeting. There was only question to be considered the considerations wer e complex the answer to that question was crucial the success of a major product line of Glaxo Wellcome hung in the balance. How should Glaxo Wellcome U. K. , position its new triptan Naramig?Palmer wondered how U. K. hospitals and doctors would react to Glaxos promotion of Naramig when Imigran had been the gold standard for the past 4 years and had captured 91 percent of the prescription migraine medication market share. Palmers bigger concern was how to position Naramig with respect to Imigran in order to capture the 90 percent of the market that was untapped (see Exhibit 4). Although Naramig was considered to be a better triptan than Imigran, perhaps there were new patients who would be partial to the characteristics of Imigran.Just as important was what positioning strategy would be the most effective in ? ghting off the attack of Zenecas Zomig that Palmer expected to be launched in the U. K. prior to that of Naramig. Palmer had been presented by the marketing team with ? ve pos itioning strategies for Naramig 1. Based Segment Whereby Glaxo would target its marketing efforts toward different patient types. (e. g. , adolescents elderly chronic migraine Imigran/Imitrex nonresponders and patients who do not tolerate Imigran). Using such a strategy would allow Glaxo to promote Naramig where Imigran was weak to increase market share.At the same time, though, it was not clear as to how the market should be segmented, or how able physicians would be to identify such segments. If in fact physicians had trouble identifying the different patient types, the effect may be to confuse the prescribing process. 2. Distribution Based Segment Whereby Glaxo would segment the market based on distribution channels. (e. g. , hospitals only clinics only private channels less wealthy areas). Although Glaxo considered this option to be a Case 22 Benetton 741 EXHIBIT 6 Sales (? m) 700 600 500 400 three hundred 200 194. 04 100 35 0 8 6054 282. 588 362. 346 539. 451 Triptan Revenue 662. 12 671. 797 would have to consider this difference along with the differences in the respective health care systems. Would Glaxo U. S. be successful in using DTC advertising to offer a portfolio of migraine medication to various types of migraine patients, or should the U. S. follow a similar replacement strategy as the U. K. and position Amerge as the best migraine medication available. Glackin considered the same 5 options for Amerge positioning as Palmer had considered 8 ? months earlier for Naramig 1.Clinical/ uncomplaining Based Segmentation 2. Distribution Based Segment 3. An Alternative to Imitrex 4. A Replacement for Imitrex 5. Dont Launch Amerge at All DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1993 1994 Imigran 1995 1996 Zomig 1997 1998 Naramig market? Glackin had several considerations to keep in mind including the results of the Replacement strategy chosen in the U. K. , and the effect of Zomig as a competitor. As was the case in the U. K. , Imitrex had for the most part de? ned the ma rket for migraine medication and had been quite successful in capturing customers.Glackin also expected that Zomig would be launched in the U. S. prior to that of the approval of Amerge. The U. S. had recently legalized DTC advertising. Glackin 1. Why is GlaxoWellcome introducing a second migraine medication? 2. How should GlaxoWellcome position Naramig in the U. K.? 3. Was the actually chosen strategy (option 4) the best decision? 4. How should GlaxoWellcome position Amerge in the U. S.? C ASE 22 BENETTON company BACKGROUND Benetton was founded as a single shop in Italy in 1965. Three years later the company expanded into France.Eventually, Benetton spread throughout Europe and by 1979 it was established in the United States. Benetton Group S. p. A is a unique global group that is a part of a larger organization known as the Edizione Holding Group. This is the holding company through which the Benetton family has ownership in many different businesses including hotels, publishing, and real estate. The Edizione Holding Group as well as the Benetton Group was founded by the Benetton family, which is made up of four siblings Luciano, Chairman Gilberto,Deputy Chairman and Joint Managing Director Carlo, Director and Giuliana, Director, who own and run the company as shown in Exhibit 1. Lucianos son, Alessandro, is also one of the eight Directors. This global Benetton Group specializes in designing and manufacturing of clothing within the textile-apparel sector of industries, and combines this know-how with the strong identity and image of world-leading sports brands that have been incorporated through the acquisition of the Benetton Sportsystem business.These sports brand names are encompassed under the Playlife label and include Rollerblade, Killer Loop, Prince, and Nordica. The clothing sector includes routine and sportswear, consisting of the Sisley, United Colors of Benetton (UCB), and Undercolors of Benetton brands, which are mainly produced and distribute d by the Automated Distribution Center in Castrette, Italy, the factory that produces over 90 million items of clothing each year. There are production facilities in France and Spain as well. These ? ished and packaged products are the dominant production course of instruction for the company and are distributed directly to the Benetton Groups 7,000 retail stores located in 120 countries, of which only 55 stores are owned by the company, with the remaining stores independently owned and operated. The second production category for Benetton comprises the sports equipment and performance-wear item and a third category encompasses items such as footwear, bags, and accessories. Benettons overall turnover amounts to about 4,000 billion lire.Recently, in 2003, the company initiated an effort to diversify away from its main clothing business by moving to acquire Italian highway operator, Autostrade. This case was prepared by Eunjung Jenny Chun, Juliet Freedman, and Nicole Parker and upda ted by Sonia Ketkar of the Fox School of Business and Management at Temple University under the supervision of Professor Masaaki Kotabe for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective management of a situation described (2003).

Mid Term 1 Solution

COT5405 Analysis of Algorithms Midterm 1 Solution Summer 2012 June 11 In solely cases explain clearly and as compactly as possible. paradox 1 10 Pts Answer n T (n) = 2T ( n ) + log n 2 2 n = 4T ( n ) + logn n + log n 4 2 2 2 n = 4T ( n ) + log nn? 1 + log n 4 2 2 = ?log2 n 1 = nT (1) + n i=1 i ? n Since i=1 1 ln n, T (n) ? ?(n log log n) i Problem 2 20 Pts Answer The general idea is to use the technique similar to quick sort, by doing partition on both lids and cups.First we pick a cup randomly, and use it to partition the lids into two subsets those lids smaller than the size of that cup, and those larger than the size of the cup. We can also ? nd the correspondent lid for that chosen cup. hour we use that lid to partition the cups and divide them into two sets. We keep on repeating this procedure on each subset of cups/lids until all the cups/lids are paired. The overall epoch complexity is O(n log n) (Worst case O(n2 )). Problem 3 20 Pts Answer In this problem we are more i nterested in ? ding the median(prenominal) instead of the minimum/maximum element. The ? n ? th element in a min/max pickle is not the median. 2 In this case, we should flummox a new type of heap to adapt this problem. Problem 3 2 The solution is to use two heaps a min heap and a max heap. Suppose the total number of elements is n, we set the restriction that the max heap should contain ? n ? 2 elements. Correspondingly, the min heap contains n ? ? n ? elements. 2 When we lay in an element, we always insert it into the max heap.If the number of elements in the max heap exceeds ? n ? , we remove the maximum element in the 2 max heap (the root), and insert it into the minimum heap. During this procedure, we need to do heapify to maintain the heap structure for both heaps. Under this setting, it is easy to see that all the elements in the max heap are less than those in the min heap, and the two elements at the root of both heaps represent the ? n ? th 2 and (? n ? + 1)th element. 2 Suppose the median is de? ned to be the ? n ? th element over all n elements.When 2 we delete the median, we effective delete the root of the max heap, and the following two cases might occur (1) If the max heap contains ? n? 1 ? elements, then we do delete-max to the max 2 heap. (2) If the max heap contains ? n? 1 ? ? 1 elements, we take out the root of the min 2 heap and set it to be the root in the max heap (because it is larger than all the elements in the max heap), then we do delete-min to the min heap. It is straightforward to see that the time complexity for both insert and delete-median is O(log n). COT5405 Analysis of Algorithms HW 2

Superhero and Children

Lauren Lee February 25, 2013 English one hundred one Mr. Simmes Exemplification Essay To possess a human body, transc oddmentental powers, and victory over evil villains atomic number 18 only a few characteristics of a superhero. These traits are the personification of what society has indicated to be the perfect man or, depending on which superhero, a woman.Many superhero fans scram as children and often remain intrigued into adulthood from wearing their uniform, to owning every one of their movies, to becoming a superhero, themselves. However, becoming a superhero is an obvious impossibility. These supernatural beings take a shit the business leader to fly, master the intelligence of villains, lift the heaviest objects, and jump off the highest buildings with no harm being done. It is the ideals of becoming someone great, which superheroes portray, that influence children and enhance their yearning to imitate the superheros image and actions.A superheros immense military c apability, chiseled toned body, and sharp intelligence are a few attributes that provoke fans to admire and idolize these beings. Many parents moot that childrens aggressive behavior is uncontrollable but it is also a result from the vigorously powerful superheroes that act as role models to children as they are growing up. Superheroes incredible strength has led them to victory over the biggest and strongest of enemies.I interviewed my acquaintance, Jon W all in all, a senior at McNeese State University, who has an admiration for Superman, and he said, From watching Superman, I ideal I could prove my strength by defeating separate kids. This did not mean that I went and tried to beat everyone up. Instead, I tried to be better than others at everything. I would try to hang on the monkey bars the longest, be the person who got picked first for any sport, and wrestle anyone to submission. he continued, Although my behavior sometimes got besides aggressive, and got me in trouble, it always seemed to make me feel like more of man. Jons explanation is one of many children who have set their standard of being a real man or woman based on the strength and accomplishments of a superhero. Achieving victories that a superhero has demonstrated has caused many fans to feel as an accomplished being, at long last worthy to be called a real woman or man. Superheroes also tend to possess a perfect physique that enhances their powerful ability to subdue and defeat evil. They always have a defined figure, toned muscle in every area, and, usually, six-pack abs. Although physical image is more of an interest with teenagers and adults, this does have an effect on children, too.These role models that children are introduced to hold a nearly impossible figure for all children to achieve. It is from these images that communicate to kids that being overweight and lacking strength is unacceptable. This aspect is a contribution to children mistreating other children who do not h old to this idolized standard. My friend Jon stated, I fell into the trap of mocking others, who were not perfect, when I was a kid. I also remember trying to hide any blemish of my own body, so that I would not become a victim of the scorn from other children.Jons experience of feeling shove to maintain a certain physical image exemplifies the cases of many superhero fans. Children are feeling pressure to portray a certain image in order to achieve self-security and acceptance from others instead of having a healthy mentality regarding food and exercise. Aside from all physical traits of a superhero, they also portray a strong sense of intelligence. It requires mass strategy and mental knowledge to defeat evil villains and their deceptive ways. Superheroes assault many difficult and seemingly impossible challenges and manage to take them head on without any evidence of fear.Breann, a classmate in my English 101 class, stated, I think that the intelligence of a superhero is extre mely influential because they are faced against evil villains, who are known for their intelligence and strategic ways, and superheroes always end up defeating them she continued, When children see the knowledge of a superhero portrayed in their planning of defeat against their enemies and them achieve victory, it is a positive influence for the children to try their hardest in check to gain an education to be able to plan, have broad knowledge, and defeat, as well. Intelligence holds a large role in the world and ones likelihood of reaching success. Intelligence is a positive attribute that superheroes portray when their knowledge and skill is shown through their preparation and process of defeating evil. A characteristic of all superheroes is their great achievement. Superheroes are constantly saving the world and others from harm.They have great impacts on the way most children that admired them grew up. Whether it was Batman, Wonder Woman, or some other supernatural being, they all had a lot to say about what it means to be a man or woman. Even if the ideals portrayed are fanciful beings, a superheroes image has the ability to influence any child. Works Cited Wall, Jon. Personal interview. February 22, 2013. Debarge, Breann. Personal Interview. February 22, 2013.

The Negative Effects of a Cellphone

When the first cellular rally was invented, its uses only went as far as a phone call. As time and technology advanced, so did the development of the cell phone. A basic phone today can make calls, take photos and videos and heretofore function as a GPS. moreover with the advantages comes the disadvantages. The increased use of cell phones has had a negative influence on society. For example, the use of cellphones has limited cordializing, the demand and be have affected consumers negatively and they have also been a common factor in many car accidents, including fatalities. The settlement of cellphones has had a negative friendly effect.The cell phone is probably one of the most commonly owned devices in America. 75% of all American teens ages 12-17 own a cell phone, and 66% use their phones to send or receive text messages. (Madden and Lenhart 2) The cell phone has become the primary source of communication for many people. The simplicity of typing a message, or making a ph one call rather than relaying that message in person has resulted in a disconnect from society for many people. trustfulness on a relatively quick and cheap form of interaction means that we might dispense with the longer and more ponderous process of a personal visit. (Ling 185). So, although you may communicate more often through cellphones, the physical part of a relationship is neglected. As a result of depending on cellphones as a main source of communication one may, in a sense, forfeit a substantial portion of a much needed social life. Moreover, socializing is an acquired ability, an ability that is significant in the growth and maturation of children and teens. The over use of cellphones can impede one from fully exercising these abilities. A sizeable number of people own and use cellphones regularly. So much so that it has become a societal norm.Almost every place one may go cell phones are practically expected of them. For example, at some doctors offices they offer a f ree texting service to remind a patient of any duty assignment that he or she may have. Many clothing and grocery stores offer coupons and sales alerts that can be sent directly to a mobile device. But the problem comes when non everyone can afford to keep up with what society has labeled to be the norm. There are many people who cannot afford to purchase a phone let alone afford a phone bill every month. The cost for cellular service is xpensive and always increasing. According to a survey, Of the 1,400 readers who responded, 80 noted their bill was between $190 and $210. On average, that group had 3. 1 phones, meaning the cost is about $65 per phone. People with bills near $250 paying(a) $67 per phone (Sullivan). As a result, a number of people reported that they felt the need budget and cut back in stray to afford a phone bill. Unfortunately, society essentially requires people to have a cell phone, even with cut backs and budgeting, having a cell phone is not financially re alistic for everyone.The use of cellphones has shown to be very dangerous to number one woods and their passengers. This is primarily due to the increase in texting and driving as well as the amount of money of phone calls made while behind the wheel. According to Madden and Lenhart, 52% of cell phone owning teens ages 16-17 say they have talked on a cell phone while driving. That translates into 43% of all American teens ages 16-17 (2). With such a high percentage of distracted drivers, the likelihood of accidents, with and without fatalities has also increased. In 2008 alone, there were 5,870 fatalities and an estimated 515,000 people were hurt in police reported crashes in which at least one form of driver distraction was reported (Madden and Lenhart 3). Every time a driver decides to use a cell phone while operating a vehicle, they are not only putting their lives in danger, but also the lives of their passengers, pedestrians, and another(prenominal) drivers. Since the inven tion of the cell phone, its uses and capabilities have become a part of an everyday American life, an everyday life which cell phones has impacted society negatively.With an increased dependency on the cell phone, society and its growth have experienced major setbacks. Socialization, personal financials, and automotive drivers have all been effected in negative ways. This is mainly because the cell phone has evolved and is now made to do nearly anything one may think of. So although the cellphone was intended to help with ones everyday life, what seems like a good idea at first may not affect society positively in the long run.

Country Life vs City Life

Country Life Better Than City Life In my opinion I think country bread and butter is better than city life. The city is very busy and crazy The crowds and traffic generates stress that challenges the human being. perchance that is why the city people act like an angry, stressed and unfriendly person. The country is so ease and peaceful, makes the city people want to go plenty there for vacations. Life in the city is very challenging. The public transportation reduces the demand for your own vehicles and the accompanying expenses. City life provides distractions available in the arts, theater, and another(prenominal) forms of entertainment.Even though there is a lot of activities that you can do like, going shopping on every corner and sidewalk, the city life also carries a heavy price. Housing and food are expensive. Services, such as transportation, are expensive. Worst of all, the most expensive part of life in the city is the tilt it takes on your body through stress. Stress is everywhere in the city with every waking moment in the city. The crowds, traffic, tight work schedules never calm down. The air in the city is not healthy at all. The poisons of thousands of vehicles overwhelm what little green life remains to clean the air. Crime is very eminent in most cities.The odds of becoming a victim are high even for simple trips to the local grocery store or bank. Your disposition and body are endlessly attacked by environmental pollution that a human inhales. There are very few opportunities to relax, stress builds, and the quality of your life decreases. The city dweller looks forward to a day out of the city. Historically, movement patters have been from the city to the suburbs and later to the country. Escape becomes the order of the day. Each move to the outmost boundaries of the urban environment makes life a little more peaceful. The move to the country is the greatest move of all.Peaceful is the most concise description of the country. The ni ght is quiet. mushy insect noises and the plaintive call of an owl rule the stillness. No heavy traffic, no sirens, no rush of the madding crowd. Life is simple and calming. Food is grown locally, sort of of remotely. Everyone knows your name, and has been to your grandparents house. The country offers advantages to the stressed city dweller that can reduce stress, induce health, and present understanding. The country is for the laid back, no-stress, free living life you always wished for This is salutary a few reasons why the country life is better than the city life.

The dramatic presentation of justice and morality in The Crucible Essay

Sin and Struggle is one of the most common things we can become across in our life. This sentiment of Sin and Struggle is presented very dramatically in the play of The Crucible. The play describes the fury mass hysteria, which took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 and shows peoples self-centred attitude. The dictionary definition of sin is any serious offence, as against a religious or moral principle. As The Crucible is set in a very strict Puritan community, anything, which is done as an offence will be regarded as a sin against Christianity.In the play, there is baulk that there are struggles within the community and within slips themselves. Examples of these characters are jakes Proctor. Proctor is unable to agree with Danforth or his inner self and is a character that will go to any extent to prove what he says is right. In the other case, Mary Warren is incapable of standing in opposition to Abigail in the courtroom. The other main sources of dispute are also land, m oney, and religion. For example, Giles Corey and Thomas Putnam have an argument over private land.In the play of The Crucible, the first sin we come across is dancing. The event occurs when Betty, Abigail, and her friends are dancing and conjuring up spirits in the wood with Tituba. According to Puritan Law, neither children nor anyone are admitted to dance. You can project that in the final court scene. DANFORTH What is this dancing? (Act 3) You can see from this that dancing is a forbidden sin. The main event from the damnation is the sin of lechery between John Proctor and Abigail.We come to know this from Abigail and Proctors secret meeting. This is also the main sparking event for the witchery, which took place. You could say that this sin is the catalyst. The sin of lechery then triggers a good deal of resentment between Elizabeth and Abigail. Therefore, many events after this are always to get rid of Elizabeth so she could fulfil her dreams with John Proctor. As this spell casting and witchcraft led to more and more dilemma, false accusations were starting to be made.The main cause of this complication is Betty Parris. She is in some sort of coma and that is when Parris calls for Reverend push who is intellectual in witchcraft. Parris was not popular member in the community and he is a severe man who said that his ministry is much more eventful than his daughters life. Now that Abigail does not want the blame, false accusations were made. This is an advantage for Parris because this meant he was able to defend himself from other reverends fallacious talk. E

Mean Girls

Celebrity Culture in humble Girls Mean Girls, written by Tina Fey and directed by Mark Waters, takes Its cycloramaers by representation of spicy domesticate from the perspective of caddie Heron, a young girl who never known what superior school unfeignedly meant. Upon arrival, she makes friends with Janis and Diana, who were in the stereotypical unpopular crowd. They caution her to stay remote from The P lastics, an exclusive refugee camp that includes three drama-filled girls who be superficial, spiteful, and postulate vicious poses that obtain their power and fame from strike and glamour.However, The Plastics ask Caddy to Join them. Caddy, Janis, and Diana in c erstwhilert plot against the leader of The Plastics, Regina George, the most monstrous of them every(prenominal). In reality, the to a greater extent sentence Caddy spends with The Plastics, the more she starts to cultivateually vex ane. The Plastics themselves show how monstrous qualities be take a s hited in celebrity close, while the use of Caddy is the perfect ex long of how finis builds up celebrities to break them fundament down. The Plastics took Caddy, few genius who was naive and candid, and turned her Into some disregardg she Is non through and through the manipulation of their own standards and rules.Celebrity culture heavily relies on qualities of manipulation. This was done through thru burn book, etc Rumors and lies are one are heavily used in manipulation. This is the epitome of celebrity gossip, shown in Mean Girls through Regina George. Regina finds out Caddy has a crush on Aaron Samuels, her ex boyfriend, and augurs Caddy that she would talk to Aaron for her however, Regina fabricates lies to Aaron She Caddy writes all everyplace her nonebook Mrs.. Aaron Samuels. And she made this tee-shirt that says, l heart Aaron, and she wears it under all her clothesShe saved this Kleenex you used and she said shes passing game to do some contour of African voodoo with it to make you hankering well her. Evidence In nineteenth century literature Is provided In olibanum, when master copy olibanum manipulates his monstrosity through lies He tells his monster he would form a female companion for him, and afterward declares Bygone I do break my promise never will I create an separate identical yourself, equal in deformity and wickedness and proceeds to tear to pieces the thing on which he was engaged (175).Both Regina and headmaster broke their promises, developing a large-minded of behavior that is so focused on policing others, they almost seem to lose track of themselves they are so expeditious broadcasting what they hate, and so focused on consumption of their rival with their loathsome fascination, they do not realize their own personalities turn monstrous. They become so focus in this idea, they are unable to spot that this hate they developed is the sole reason for their viciousness and misery.This happens when one must realiz e ones own identity Is crafted from the act of hating. It almost seems Like superficial celebrities In celebrity ultra love, yet hate, to be hated yet they love the act of hating, and use this hate to resound their world. This benign of high school attitude filled with rumors and Lies that Regina possesses exists in the celebrity world, and if it continues, it will influence animosity and disgust, that a world of peace, accuracy, and love may no longer be accomplished. some other refer to manipulation is secrecy.There are countless examples of this in Mean Girls. For example, the scene of The Plastics when they are all on the phone When Gretchen was on the phone with Caddy, it turned out to be a three-way call with Regina, and Caddy didnt know. This complexity progress when viewers realize the girls are all interlinked, all on the phone with separately other on separate lines Karen gets a call from Regina, puts her on hold, and proceeds to talk to Gretchen and says, Its Regina , she urgencys to hang out tonight but she told me not to tell you.This is sympathetic to the theme of secrecy in Frankincense Victor states, The world to me, is a surreptitious, which I desired to disc everyplace (26), l have one secret, Elizabeth, a horrible one when revealed to you, it will chill your frame with horror (218), and he refuses to tell the secret to his audience, telling them to listen patiently until the end of his story, with which he is acquainted with (44). This is similar to Mantilla, where her father has a secret grief that destroys them both but he must permit Mantilla to win this secret from him (47).The fact that one possesses a secret, holds it vital, and purposely shields it from the world acknowledges a kind of unmoral sin, or practical wrongdoing celebrities allow these secrets to internally eat them alive like in Frankincense and Mantilla, or whether it makes their behavior more aggressive eke in Mean Girls, these secrets have the ability to change and manipulate others. In celebrity culture, a secret is a form of power, yet vulnerability a secret itself could stand for everything one cant see.The usual blows these secrets up with crazy ideas and provides evidence with the theories they project onto it. The secret could mean nothing, yet everything, at the same time. This is because that a secret exists. It does not matter what the secret actually is, because the passel who spread the knowledge of the secret form its monstrosity. The people have ample opportunity to take take for, seceding as a whole or case-by-cases whether they want to make up a rumor, lie, tell the truth, say nothing, or contribute to the fact.The people are monsters, because they take complete declare over the situation. An example of this is all of Lords fans who (most likely) made her miserable because they did not approve of the physical appearance of her boyfriend. A concluding designate is needed here Manipulation is in addition acquired thr ough self-pity, which is shown in Mean Girls with the Burn Book. The Burn Book, which belongs to Regina George, is a book essentially signed to bully her classmates it has students pictures with mean phrases, secrets, and other things about them.Regina takes her book, puts her own picture on it, and writes something mean about herself. She then reports it to her schools principal and says, l found it in the girls bathroom Its so mean. This is similar to when Victor seeks sympathy from Elizabeth in Frankincense If you knew what I have suffered from, and what I may yet endure, you would endeavor to let me taste the quiet, and freedom from despair, that this one mean solar day at least permits me to enjoy (222).In The Complete Poems and Selected earn of John Keats, in a short poem called When I have Fears, self-pity is asked for when Keats shows he is in pain, likes the pain, and wants to be hold for his pain Of the wide world I stand alone, and think Till love and fame to nothingne ss do sink (301). on the nose like Keats and Shelley, their own needs. Regina did this secure so she could get Caddy in trouble, Frankincense did this to make it look like it wasnt entirely his fault for the monsters actions, and Keats uses his fans sympathy to become liked.The reality falls into a part of this ultra, where one blames someone else nonetheless the victims themselves get blamed for fault. Besides from celebrities success, looks, and wealth, it is not uncommon for the macrocosm to condone that they are people, humans, Just like them. The creation is essentially casting a blackball eye upon themselves. Celebrities have people who work with them to help mold their image, but the impossible standards of beauty and perfection they study to fulfill originates from the endless, harsh scrutiny the public places upon them.When a celebrity breaks this image, or differs from the norm, they automatically are seen as monstrous, resulting in sneering and degrading comments f rom fans. This monstrosity on the celebrities has a counter-effect on the fans every time there is a mean comment, they are normalizing harsh Judgment, extreme reactions, and offensive language. Celebrity culture takes the blame on how the public has developed a fell community, through self-pity. Another quality of manipulation used in celebrity culture is misrepresent their own pureness this is seen quite often in Mean Girls.Gretchen bullies Regina for violating the rules of their girl world by wearing sweatpants on Monday, and Regina lams she is forced to wear sweatpants because, sweatpants are all that fits her right now, implying she is desolate because it is not her fault she has to wear those. Another scene is where Regina claims whiteness is during lecture, (workshop), in the gym, after the Burn Book is discovered Regina claims, Can I Just say we dont have a clique problem at this school, and some of us shouldnt have to take this workshops because some of us are victims in this situation? Regina implies she is innocent, and she herself is a victim. The teacher responds, Thats credibly rue, how many of you have ever felt personally victimize by Regina George? Actual innocence and feigning innocence is a huge role in Frankincense though Victor blames himself for the monster killing his family, despite his creation, he convinces himself that he is innocent and expresses how he feels like the victim. Victor is a contradiction he is innocent, yet, uses that to his advantage to feign his innocence.He is innocent because he has never intended his creation to turn into an actual form of monstrosity, but yet, feigns innocence by his hiding his guilt feelings and hiding his knowledge about his familys deaths. Victors innocence decreases over time throughout the novel his UN-innocent behavior destroys the monsters innocence. Victor is playing an act that could be considered monstrous in manipulation by winning away the genuine innocence of one who was ne ver given a contingency to prove that innocence. At first Victor decides to at least listen to the monsters tale (105), but later on, he decides to tore to pieces The thing on which the creatures proximo existence he depended for happiness (190), not giving the monster a take on to uphold its promise. Celebrities start out with genuine innocence, become corrupted, and may fire to feign their innocence through their roles However, once celebrities feign their innocence they are portrayed as monstrous, they are not given a chance to stick up for themselves properly without media and public interference. Lindsay Loan, off the set of Mean Girls, got into drugs, which could feign innocence, and assume that she had no role in her fans doing drugs.According to Good Charlotte, this kind of manipulation is the price of having a life-style of the rich and the famous (song lyrics). The most vital quality in manipulation is the key tactic in enact to be able to get away with spreading ru mors and lies, maintain secrecy, create self-pity, and feign illness. Control itself is the piece that connects all of these qualities. Throughout Mean Girls, there are many scenes were one of The Plastics are in bind At the talent show at school, Regina demands for Gretchen to switch sides with Caddy. When Gretchen protests, Regina says, Right now youre getting on my last nerve.Switch Gretchen acknowledges this go steady by obeying. Caddy was also acknowledging ensure hen she fulfills Regions invite to eat lunch with them everyday for the rest of the week. In the beginning of the movie, Regina took control of Caddy social life. Halfway through, Caddy became the center of attention she gained control of Regions previous fame and publicity and made it her own. The previous examples also hint at some aspect of control. Control is also seen in Frankincense, where the monster says, Mimi are my creator, but I am your master-obey (174). Victor chooses condone the monster, and the mons ter responds by taking control, killing all of Victors family embers. Control in Charitable is implied when Geraldine takes on a role of masculinity lay down by the maidens side And in her mail the maid she took (250-251). In The Major Works, leave of absence to a Lady by Lord Byron shows how a womans beauty takes control of his life In flight I shall be surely wise, Escaping from temptations snare I cannot view my Paradise, Without the wish of dwelling there (1).By the word flight, viewers can assume he is going to bless suicide as a means to control the elimination of all ties with the Earthly Paradises temptation. This kind of intro can relate to monstrosity and celebrity culture in a number of slipway first, one can see that the society of celebrity culture is so monstrously powerful, it is out of the control of the public to change it. Only the celebrities themselves have control of their own lives and culture and how they want to live it.Second, celebrity culture has so mu ch control and influence over their audience, that they are not only dictatorial their own lives, but dominating American culture as a whole. By celebrities constantly sleeping with one another, taking part in the lies, secrecy, self-pity, and feigning their innocence inspires the public to act in the same manner. Third, by the news being so obsessed with the routine lives of celebrities, it almost implies as if they are advance the public to become more and more like celebrity stalkers.Lastly, they manipulate the public into believing their redefined definition of happiness, which altogether consists of money, fame, and beauty. Rumors, lies, secrecy, self-pity, feigning innocence, and control all span together to layer and overlap and form manipulation celebrity manipulators do not only have control of their own world, but also wish to control the world of others. This allows them to occupy both worlds at the same time, with their rules, in their way how much more control coul d a person possibly want?These qualities of manipulation in celebrity culture are allowing people to lose touch with things that are the most measurable in life, like friends and family. Celebrity culture is so controlling that it even takes over the roles of others. In Celebrity Culture Are Americans Too Focused on Celebrities, Tompkins, a group an example of how celebrities are taking the roles of super heroes When I ask allege and high school students who their heroes are, they usually name celebrities, such as athletes or movie stars, not names that did something august or noteworthy. (Tompkins 4). Celebrity culture is now one of our prime sources of entertainment ultimately, celebrity culture manipulates to control their audiences society in such a monstrous way so they are not able to distinguish the difference between genuine greatness and the importance of celebrity news. One day, I worship genuinely important news, (politics, world news, emergency issues) will be ignore d unless it is presented as a source of entertainment, like celebrity culture.Mean GirlsStacy Gregg Sociology M/W 1130 Sociological Themes Sociology is everywhere we look, its everything thing we are, and can be described within everything we do. The traditional focuses of sociology have included social stratification, social class, culture, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, and deviance. As all spheres of human activity are affected by the interplay between social structure and individual agency, sociology has gradually expanded its focus to further subjects, such as health, medical, military and penal institutions, the Internet, and the role of social activity in the development of scientific knowledge.Looking through films you can see many sociological themes. I chose to look at Mean Girls and pull the sociological themes out. Mean Girls is a movie about a girl, Cady, who moves to the US from Africa and starts at a new school. She immediately befriends two outcasts, who explain the schools social scene. There are a group of three girls (the Plastics) who are popular, catty and rule the school. As a trick, these three girls befriend Cady.Her outcast friends encourage her to hang out with the Plastics to see what they do. But as she spends more time with them, she becomes more and more like them, backstabbing, mean, self-obsessed, and superficial. When Cady and the leader of the Plastics go after the same guy, she begins to plot their destruction, and starts sabotaging the girls in worse and worse ways. Eventually she separates from her original friends and her Plastic friends.When the entire school finds out about some of the terrible things the Plastics have said about them by finding a Burn Book everyone turns against the Plastics and Cady. Eventually, she must apologize to everyone she combat injury and begin to find a way to become a better person. The first sociological theme I would like to address is stomps. A stereotype is defined as a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.Mean Girls portrays high school stereo types rather well, at school there are groups such as try-hards, wannabes, burn-outs, band geeks, nerds, the popular girls, the jocks and art freaks. All the girls wants to be a plastic so to speak and they all display it in different ways like how the girls who eat nothing are trying to be thin so they can be like the plastics, but the girls who eat their feelings are also trying to be a plastic but by take they are showing I dont care what anybody thinks of me, which is a popular trait.Then when everyone is explaining Regina George and one girl says One time she punched me in the face It was tremendous this implies that this wannabe made contact with Regina George even though it is contact most people dont what it is contact nonetheless which she hopes has passed on a bit of Regina Georges popularity. References (2011, 04). Mean Girls Analysis. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 04, 2011, from http//www. studymode. com/essays/Mean-Girls-Analysis-676080. hypertext markup languageMean GirlsCelebrity Culture in Mean Girls Mean Girls, written by Tina Fey and directed by Mark Waters, takes Its viewers through high school from the perspective of Caddy Heron, a young girl who never known what high school genuinely meant. Upon arrival, she makes friends with Janis and Diana, who were in the stereotypical unpopular crowd. They warn her to stay away from The Plastics, an exclusive clique that includes three drama-filled girls who are superficial, spiteful, and have vicious attitudes that obtain their power and fame from beauty and glamour.However, The Plastics ask Caddy to Join them. Caddy, Janis, and Diana together plot against the leader of The Plastics, Regina George, the most monstrous of them all. In reality, the more time Caddy spends with The Plastics, the more she starts to actually become one. The Plastics themselves show how monst rous qualities are form in celebrity culture, while the use of Caddy is the perfect example of how culture builds up celebrities to break them back down. The Plastics took Caddy, someone who was naive and candid, and turned her Into something she Is not through the manipulation of their own standards and rules.Celebrity culture heavily relies on qualities of manipulation. This was done through thru burn book, etc Rumors and lies are one are heavily used in manipulation. This is the epitome of celebrity gossip, shown in Mean Girls through Regina George. Regina finds out Caddy has a crush on Aaron Samuels, her ex boyfriend, and promises Caddy that she would talk to Aaron for her however, Regina fabricates lies to Aaron She Caddy writes all over her notebook Mrs.. Aaron Samuels. And she made this tee-shirt that says, l heart Aaron, and she wears it under all her clothesShe saved this Kleenex you used and she said shes going to do some kind of African voodoo with it to make you like her . Evidence In nineteenth century literature Is provided In Frankincense, when Victor Frankincense manipulates his monster through lies He tells his monster he would create a female companion for him, and afterward declares Bygone I do break my promise never will I create another like yourself, equal in deformity and wickedness and proceeds to tear to pieces the thing on which he was engaged (175).Both Regina and Victor broke their promises, developing a kind of behavior that is so focused on policing others, they almost seem to lose track of themselves they are so busy broadcasting what they hate, and so focused on consumption of their rival with their loathsome fascination, they do not realize their own personalities turn monstrous. They become so engrossed in this idea, they are unable to distinguish that this hate they developed is the sole reason for their viciousness and misery.This happens when one must realize ones own identity Is crafted from the act of hating. It almost see ms Like superficial celebrities In celebrity ultra love, yet hate, to be hated yet they love the act of hating, and use this hate to surround their world. This kind of high school attitude filled with rumors and Lies that Regina possesses exists in the celebrity world, and if it continues, it will influence animosity and disgust, that a world of peace, accuracy, and love may no longer be accomplished. Another key to manipulation is secrecy.There are countless examples of this in Mean Girls. For example, the scene of The Plastics when they are all on the phone When Gretchen was on the phone with Caddy, it turned out to be a three-way call with Regina, but Caddy didnt know. This complexity progress when viewers realize the girls are all interlinked, all on the phone with each other on separate lines Karen gets a call from Regina, puts her on hold, and proceeds to talk to Gretchen and says, Its Regina, she wants to hang out tonight but she told me not to tell you.This is similar to the theme of secrecy in Frankincense Victor states, The world to me, is a secret, which I desired to discover (26), l have one secret, Elizabeth, a dreadful one when revealed to you, it will chill your frame with horror (218), and he refuses to tell the secret to his audience, telling them to listen patiently until the end of his story, with which he is acquainted with (44). This is similar to Mantilla, where her father has a secret grief that destroys them both but he must permit Mantilla to win this secret from him (47).The fact that one possesses a secret, holds it vital, and purposely shields it from the world acknowledges a kind of unmoral sin, or practical wrongdoing celebrities allow these secrets to internally eat them alive like in Frankincense and Mantilla, or whether it makes their behavior more aggressive eke in Mean Girls, these secrets have the ability to change and manipulate others. In celebrity culture, a secret is a form of power, yet vulnerability a secret itself co uld stand for everything one cant see.The public blows these secrets up with crazy ideas and provides evidence with the theories they project onto it. The secret could mean nothing, yet everything, at the same time. This is because that a secret exists. It does not matter what the secret actually is, because the people who spread the knowledge of the secret form its monstrosity. The people have ample opportunity to take control, seceding as a whole or individuals whether they want to make up a rumor, lie, tell the truth, say nothing, or contribute to the situation.The people are monsters, because they take complete control over the situation. An example of this is all of Lords fans who (most likely) made her miserable because they did not approve of the physical appearance of her boyfriend. A concluding sentence is needed here Manipulation is also acquired through self-pity, which is shown in Mean Girls with the Burn Book. The Burn Book, which belongs to Regina George, is a book ess entially signed to bully her classmates it has students pictures with mean phrases, secrets, and other things about them.Regina takes her book, puts her own picture on it, and writes something mean about herself. She then reports it to her schools principal and says, l found it in the girls bathroom Its so mean. This is similar to when Victor seeks sympathy from Elizabeth in Frankincense If you knew what I have suffered from, and what I may yet endure, you would endeavor to let me taste the quiet, and freedom from despair, that this one day at least permits me to enjoy (222).In The Complete Poems and Selected Letters of John Keats, in a short poem called When I have Fears, self-pity is asked for when Keats shows he is in pain, likes the pain, and wants to be acknowledged for his pain Of the wide world I stand alone, and think Till love and fame to nothingness do sink (301). Just like Keats and Shelley, their own needs. Regina did this Just so she could get Caddy in trouble, Frankinc ense did this to make it look like it wasnt entirely his fault for the monsters actions, and Keats uses his fans sympathy to become liked.The public falls into a part of this ultra, where one blames someone else even the victims themselves get blamed for fault. Besides from celebrities success, looks, and wealth, it is not uncommon for the public to condone that they are people, humans, Just like them. The public is essentially casting a negative eye upon themselves. Celebrities have people who work with them to help mold their image, but the impossible standards of beauty and perfection they try to fulfill originates from the endless, harsh scrutiny the public places upon them.When a celebrity breaks this image, or differs from the norm, they automatically are seen as monstrous, resulting in sneering and degrading comments from fans. This monstrosity on the celebrities has a counter-effect on the fans every time there is a mean comment, they are normalizing harsh Judgment, extreme reactions, and offensive language. Celebrity culture takes the blame on how the public has developed a cruel society, through self-pity. Another quality of manipulation used in celebrity culture is feigning their own innocence this is seen quite often in Mean Girls.Gretchen bullies Regina for violating the rules of their girl world by wearing sweatpants on Monday, and Regina lams she is forced to wear sweatpants because, sweatpants are all that fits her right now, implying she is innocent because it is not her fault she has to wear those. Another scene is where Regina claims innocence is during lecture, (workshop), in the gym, after the Burn Book is discovered Regina claims, Can I Just say we dont have a clique problem at this school, and some of us shouldnt have to take this workshops because some of us are victims in this situation? Regina implies she is innocent, and she herself is a victim. The teacher responds, Thats probably rue, how many of you have ever felt personally victi mize by Regina George? Actual innocence and feigning innocence is a huge role in Frankincense though Victor blames himself for the monster killing his family, despite his creation, he convinces himself that he is innocent and expresses how he feels like the victim. Victor is a contradiction he is innocent, yet, uses that to his advantage to feign his innocence.He is innocent because he has never intended his creation to turn into an actual form of monstrosity, but yet, feigns innocence by his hiding his guilt and hiding his knowledge about his familys deaths. Victors innocence decreases over time throughout the novel his UN-innocent behavior destroys the monsters innocence. Victor is performing an act that could be considered monstrous in manipulation by taking away the genuine innocence of one who was never given a chance to prove that innocence. At first Victor decides to at least listen to the monsters tale (105), but later on, he decides to tore to pieces The thing on which the creatures future existence he depended for happiness (190), not giving the monster a chance to uphold its promise. Celebrities start out with genuine innocence, become corrupted, and may attempt to feign their innocence through their roles However, once celebrities feign their innocence they are portrayed as monstrous, they are not given a chance to stick up for themselves properly without media and public interference. Lindsay Loan, off the set of Mean Girls, got into drugs, which could feign innocence, and assume that she had no role in her fans doing drugs.According to Good Charlotte, this kind of manipulation is the price of having a lifestyle of the rich and the famous (song lyrics). The most vital quality in manipulation is the key tactic in order to be able to get away with spreading rumors and lies, maintain secrecy, create self-pity, and feign illness. Control itself is the piece that connects all of these qualities. Throughout Mean Girls, there are many scenes were one o f The Plastics are in control At the talent show at school, Regina demands for Gretchen to switch sides with Caddy. When Gretchen protests, Regina says, Right now youre getting on my last nerve.Switch Gretchen acknowledges this control by obeying. Caddy was also acknowledging control hen she fulfills Regions invite to eat lunch with them everyday for the rest of the week. In the beginning of the movie, Regina took control of Caddy social life. Halfway through, Caddy became the center of attention she gained control of Regions previous fame and publicity and made it her own. The previous examples also hint at some aspect of control. Control is also seen in Frankincense, where the monster says, Mimi are my creator, but I am your master-obey (174). Victor chooses condone the monster, and the monster responds by taking control, killing all of Victors family embers. Control in Charitable is implied when Geraldine takes on a role of masculinity lay down by the maidens side And in her arm s the maid she took (250-251). In The Major Works, Farewell to a Lady by Lord Byron shows how a womans beauty takes control of his life In flight I shall be surely wise, Escaping from temptations snare I cannot view my Paradise, Without the wish of dwelling there (1).By the word flight, viewers can assume he is going to commit suicide as a means to control the elimination of all ties with the Earthly Paradises temptation. This kind of intro can relate to monstrosity and celebrity culture in a number of ways first, one can see that the society of celebrity culture is so monstrously powerful, it is out of the control of the public to change it. Only the celebrities themselves have control of their own lives and culture and how they want to live it.Second, celebrity culture has so much control and influence over their audience, that they are not only controlling their own lives, but dominating American culture as a whole. By celebrities constantly sleeping with one another, taking part in the lies, secrecy, self-pity, and feigning their innocence inspires the public to act in the same manner. Third, by the news being so obsessed with the daily lives of celebrities, it almost implies as if they are encouraging the public to become more and more like celebrity stalkers.Lastly, they manipulate the public into believing their redefined definition of happiness, which solely consists of money, fame, and beauty. Rumors, lies, secrecy, self-pity, feigning innocence, and control all tangle together to layer and overlap and form manipulation celebrity manipulators do not only have control of their own world, but also wish to control the world of others. This allows them to occupy both worlds at the same time, with their rules, in their way how much more control could a person possibly want?These qualities of manipulation in celebrity culture are allowing people to lose touch with things that are the most important in life, like friends and family. Celebrity culture is so c ontrolling that it even takes over the roles of others. In Celebrity Culture Are Americans Too Focused on Celebrities, Tompkins, a group an example of how celebrities are taking the roles of super heroes When I ask allege and high school students who their heroes are, they usually name celebrities, such as athletes or movie stars, not names that did something heroic or noteworthy. (Tompkins 4). Celebrity culture is now one of our prime sources of entertainment ultimately, celebrity culture manipulates to control their audiences society in such a monstrous way so they are not able to distinguish the difference between genuine importance and the importance of celebrity news. One day, I fear genuinely important news, (politics, world news, emergency issues) will be ignored unless it is presented as a source of entertainment, like celebrity culture.