Compare and Contrast Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception

Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception both suggest that eye-retina is important for perception. The both believe that without eye-retina, a person will not be able to see. This is a common view of both of the theories of perception. The idea is supported by the case of SB. SB was a man who had been blind from birth due to cataracts. When he was 52, he had an operation which restored his sight and hence he could see. Thus, this case has shown the importance of eye-retina for things to be perceived.And therefore, supports both of theories of perception which eye-retina is essential for perception. Gibson believes in the direct theories of perception which he used the theory of bottom-up processing to explain visual illusions whereas Gregory believes in the indirect theories of perception and he used the theory of top-down processing to explain visual illusions. The bottom-up are based on the assumption that we work upwards in our analysis of the visual world form basic sensory inputs at the bottom level towards the higher, more cognitive levels of the brain.The top-down processing theories are based on the assumption that we can only perceive our visual world accurately if we use stored knowledge and problem-solving skills. Thus, there are differences between their theories of perception. Gregory’s indirect theory of perception and Gibson’s direction theory of perception had led to the debate of nature-nurture. This is a big debate in Psychology whether perception is determined by genetics as proposed by Gibson’s theory or whether it is learnt or determined by upbringing and social context as proposed by Gregory’s theory.On the one hand, Nativists think that nature is more important factor which people are the products of their genetics and that we are born with certain behaviours. On the other hand, empiricists think that experience and nurture is the more important factor. They think that situational factors and upbringing have a greater influence on outcome. An eclectic approach might show that it is an interaction between nature and nurture and that neither side can tell the full story. It may be that a genetic predisposition to perception exists, but that situational factors also have to be in place for it to develop.Apart from the above, there are a few more differences between Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception. Gregory believes that additional processing is required for perception which some forms of background knowledge is needed to make sense of the environment than just the sensory input while Gibson believes that perception is part of an inbuilt adaptive mechanism for survival which does not rely on stored knowledge or past experience. Gregory believes that expectations have an impact on perceptions which Gibson disagrees.There is empirical evidence supporting the idea of Gregory, and this comes from a study carried out by Simons and Levin. 50% of the par ticipants failed to realise that there was a switch of people. This is probably due to the fact that the participants had not expected a change of person. Hence, they were unable to perceive it. Furthermore, a study carried out by Selfridge also supports the idea of Gregory. Selfridge’s study demonstrates that our perceptions are mediated by our expectations as people are able to read the figures as ‘’the cat’’.This is because people have the expectations of the cat as they are words in common usage. These studies have shown that people saw what they have been expecting to see. Thus, the study demonstrates that expectations affect perception. And hence suggest that Gregory’s theory of perception might be right instead of Gibson’s. Gregory also suggests that we use context for our perceptions which Gibson disagrees. There are supporting evidences for Gregory’s assumptions. Selfridge’s study has shown context effects on vis ual perception. This study suggests that context aids perception.Similarly, Boring has demonstrated the use of top-down processing as well as the fact that context influences visual perception. These two studies demonstrate that visual perception is influenced by context. In addition, Gregory’s idea is supported by the study carried out by Warren which context influences auditory perception as well. The participants used context to hear the word in the sentence entirely. This shows the importance of context which helps to fill in the missing words. These findings suggested that it may be true that context is necessary for perception to occur successfully.These studies support Gregory’s theory instead of Gibson’s. Furthermore, Gregory’s theory explains how we can make errors in perception. For instance, we do not necessarily see spelling errors in our written work as we word- through-context. Besides, Gregory suggests that we use stored knowledge and past experience to make sense of our visual environment which Gibson does not agree. Moreover, Gregory suggested that some forms of background knowledge, through learning, are needed to make sense of the environment than just the sensory input as suggested by Gibson.Gregory said that, when looking at the Muller-Lyer figure, the line on the left looks longer than that on the right. He believed that this was because we were using top-down processing and assuming that the figure on the left is like the corner of a room that we are in, while the figure on the right is like the corner of a building seen from the outside. Hence, this suggested that we use context for our perceptions. He also pointed to the idea of the hollow mask. When we see a hollow mask from the inside, we perceive it as pointing outwards, because this is what we are used to.However, there are problems with Gregory’s outlook. Firstly, if we take a derivation of the Muller-Lyer illusion and replace the arrows with cir cles, we can see that the effect still holds, even though we could not possibly be imagining the corners of rooms or buildings, etc. Thus, Gregory’s assumption of the theory of perception might be wrong. Furthermore, Gibson argues that information form visual illusions should not be used because it is a fake stimulus that could not happen in the real world which suggested that the theory cannot be applied in real life situation.However, visual illusions do happen in real life such as trains and car wash. Even so, Gibson believes in the direct theory of perception which is an opposing theory to Gregory’s. He believes that we do not need prior knowledge to perceive objects correctly. Gibson suggests that perception is shaped by biological inheritance instead of what Gregory has suggested. According to Warren and Hannon, participants were able to make judgements about direction using dots which support Gibson’s optic flow patterns.And this demonstrates that Gibsonà ¢â‚¬â„¢s theory might be right instead of Gregory’s. However, study carried out by Lee and Lishman has shown that adults have more experiences about the world than children and thus has cast doubt upon Gibson’s theory. Also, a study carried Hahn, Anderson and Saidpour has demonstrated that regardless of which condition the participants were, they could tell direction and movement. And this finding goes against Gibson’s idea of optic flow. Thus, Gibson’s theory might not be right, instead, Gregory’s theory might be more realistic.

Accrual Method Checkpoint HSM/260 Essay

In a nonprofit organization it is important to make sure we are utilizing the best accounting system for our organization. Organizations that are non-profit are expected to provide financial statements that are based upon the accrual method of accounting. The accrual method of accounting differs from cash basis accounting. In the accrual method, income is recognized when services are rendered (Kokemuller, 2013). The accrual method focuses on recording revenue and expenses when the transaction occurs. Cash basis of accounting records income as money is received. An example of cash basis accounting is when a non-profit uses their checkbook to record debits and transactions as they occur. Accrual accounting is important because it ensures accountability in a non-profit organization. In an accrual system revenue does not equal cash. Expenses and revenue in an accrual system is based on the time frame in which they were earned. The cash basis accounting is based upon the actual payment. Revenue on an accrual system is not related to the cash basis system as cash accounts are. The statement of cash flow in the financial management of a human services organization is very important. This statement provides a financial record of the cash received and spent within a specific time period, for example on a yearly quarterly basis. The non-profit and human services organizations are kept informed by the statement of cash flow and how finances are managed and disbursed. In the financial management of a nonprofit organization it is important to understand the difference between accrual and cash basis methods of accounting. The accrual method is used most often in nonprofit organizations because it demonstrates the correlation between costs and income the most precisely. Reference Page: 1. Kokemuller, N. (June, 2013). Does Revenue Equal Cash In An Accrual System? Retrieved from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/revenue-equal-cash-accrual- system-68175.html

Death’s Arbitrary Empire †McManners Essay

On this day 220 years ago, a group of French insurgents stormed a national arms house, the Bastille, and set off the events of the French Revolution. This changed France forever, bringing an end to the monarchy that had dominated the political landscape for years, bringing about the Napoleonic period and ultimately, Democratic France that we see today. Perhaps the driving force behind the movement could be pointed at the period of oppression rained down on the French peasantry by the nobility in the 17th and 18th centuries. In a time period dominated by French excesses and lavish living by the nobility, most notably during the reign of the Sun King Louis XIV, more than 85% of the population was living in shackles of poverty. The social stratum was shaped like a pyramid with the wealthy elite occupying the top of the triangle. Most of the people spent their lives mired in the lowest level, and social movement was very unlikely. The richest members of this society had a 10-17 year life advantage over those who lived in extreme poverty. Economic prowess meant a better diet, better nutrition, and thus a better overall quality of life. Elite bourgeois dined on fine cheeses and meats and drank expensive bottles of wine from the Chateau region while peasants drank contaminated water and ate grain often harvested from diseased crops. Water for the peasants was often dug from shallow wells and poured through linen for sanitary purposes. Most French noblemen knew better, and kept a â€Å"wine-only† drinking policy. Diseased crops were fed to peasants in time of paucity, and often caused the deaths of many from diseases like tuberculosis and dysentery. Also, the more status and economic power one had, the more likely it was the patriarch would be able to carry out the family name. Peasants barely had children and when they did, 9 out of 10 did not live past the age of ten. Surgeons and midwives were often responsible for the mangling of a child at birth. Many mishandlings resulted from these early medical practitioners, leaving children maimed, humpbacked, or even worse, dead. Women were encouraged not to reproduce for the fear of the childbirth experience. The wealthy were able to hire the best of midwife and birthing assistants to see that their children were particularly cared for. Hospitals also became  breeding grounds for disease as all the children who made it through childbirth were kept in the same quarters oftentimes. Another perk of being of high society was that most likely, one would avoid the unsanitary conditions of the inner cities in the time period. Human excrement lined the streets and human corpses were often found put out with the trash. Crowded households jam-packed with many poor families often had corpses in beds the same day they were slept in later that night. These terribly unsanitary conditions lead to the massive spread of disease and the death once the disease overwhelmed an area. The center of every French town in the time period contained a cemetery, and they were certainly busy. Disease and â€Å"Death’s dark armies† lurked in the streets of Paris all the way out to the countryside. It was just a part of daily life in the 1600s and 1700s. Families could have 5 to 7 children buried at the local cemetery, none of which lived past the age of ten. Death was everywhere, and it was out of control due to the habits of the population. Feces lined the streets from Paris to even the gilded halls of Versailles. A very interesting point can be illustrated by the study of this time period. The terrible living conditions and disease and famine were directly brought about by the behavior of the French citizens. The modern concept of the â€Å"accident† in daily life – like a technology failure, mixed-up signal, etc. had not even been invented yet. Daily life was a free-for-all, with almost no rules governing the areas in which the peasants lived, and no one around to enforce them. Vagabonds littered the streets, begging or stealing anything they could find, and in turn, creating garbage and spreading disease. Until the French citizens got themselves under control, life would still continue to be a daily struggle for most. It is decidedly easy to be critical of the French’s plight in this time period. The population was directly responsible for the situation it was in, and the habits of people caused this disease and death ravaged atmosphere. However, the efforts of the early physicians, like the surgeons and  midwives, cannot be ignored for their attempts to reverse the spread of these terrible diseases and death plagues, no matter how in vain they were. A physician of the time period put it best when relating the cause of a disease in patients – a patient with an already poor base in nutrition was much more susceptible to disease and the resulting death. Although it has been proven in current third world countries that a small diet can maintain the nutritionally balanced body chemistry that might starve someone from America, these peasants lacked even the bare essentials for a diet. They lived mostly on bread and poor water, some cheese if they were lucky. The prescription for most di seases was hot meat stew, oftentimes not doing anything. Certainly the French citizens living in poverty needed to escape their terrible living situations, and eventually began to organize against the monarchy and nobility that had oppressed them for so many years. Groups inspired by the American triumph ten years before began to emerge promising a better life for the poor French, and the movements gained strength. A crowd of about one thousand French peasants were mobilized on July 14th, 1789, as they stormed the monarchy’s arms house, the Bastille. Seven prisoners were released, but the shockwaves from the event hit even the far reaches of the country, thus changing the French political landscape forever, as well as the rest of Western European history, and the effect on the increasingly connected world. Works Cited â€Å"Death’s Arbitrary Empire† By John McManners

Euthanasia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Euthanasia - Research Paper Example Religious adversaries of willful extermination accept that God gives life, and just God ought to choose when to end it. Different rivals expect that if euthanasia was made lawful, the laws managing it would be mishandled, and individuals would be slaughtered who would not by any means have liked to kick the bucket. Euthanasia is illicit in many nations, despite the fact that specialists do in some cases complete willful extermination even where it is unlawful. There is a continuous debate about whether the act of euthanasia ought to be made legitimate or not focused around its qualities, shortcomings, and moral issues surrounding it. Euthanasia is practice that lawmakers would not touch with a long post due to its complex nature. With a great reason: Any contention on the subject typically degenerates into an arrangement of unpredictable, unique inquiries regarding the ethical quality and flexibility of decision among others. On the other hand, while these thoughts do have their spot in the levelheaded discussion, they generally serve just to shroud the other, better reasons we have for considering authorization reasons that include proof, existed experience, and hard measurements. One of the huge contentions against willful extermination is that it is irreversible: Once the patient is gone, we will never know whether their sudden recuperation was practically around the bend, or in the event that they may have happened to lead full and content lives in spite of their disease. Nevertheless, this contention overlooks the information so hard it punches reason in the face (Flegel, & HÃ ©bert, 2010). The truth on th e ground is that, in all countries where euthanasia is lawful; it is the close selective protection of the patients’ agony at the death’s door. Moreover, regardless of what cheerful evangelicals would have us accept, terminal ailment is normally precisely the last stop before death. In 1991, a Dutch

Ontogenetic change in skull morphology and Mechanical Advantage in the Essay

Ontogenetic change in skull morphology and Mechanical Advantage in the Spotted Hyena (Crocutacrocuta) - Essay Example Adult spotted hyena have durophagy adaptations that include large jaw, adductor muscles, simplified and robust dentition, and pronounced sagittal crest. Feeding of weaning hyena was limited by morphology compared to adult resulting from the study of ontogenetic change in the skull and feed apparatus. The study is, therefore, aimed at establishing as whether feeding of young hyena was limited by the skull shape, skull size, and the mechanical advantage of jaw muscles. The study also seeks to enquire if feeding apparatus is slow in the spotted hyena compared with other carnivores not adapted for durophagy. Various materials and methods were employed during the study. For instant, during sampling, ontogenic series of individuals of age ranging from 2 months to 18 years of 68 spotted hyenas we sampled. Most of the samples were from the southwest of Kenya in Masai Mara Reserve. Their age was estimated depending upon the appearance. On the other hand, to quantify skull changes, ‘2D landmark-based geometric morphometrics was used. Three views of the skull were analyzed that involved lateral cranium, lateral mandibles, and ventral cranium. In the analysis of fused lateral mandible and cranium for adult hyenas, semi-landmarks were used which later digitized by use of ‘tpsDig’. In addition, superimposition was used to remove variations (Holekamp, Lundrigan, Tanner and Zelditch 354). The analysis of change in ontogenetic shape was done as well as analyzing the relationship between shape and size over a given period (Holekamp, Lundrigan, Tanner and Zelditch 355). The ontogenetic trajectories were determined if they differed significantly. As a result, the sample sizes obtained from a pair of bootstrap used varied with ages. On the other hand, size of the muscle and mechanical advantage was determined first using traditional methods. For instant, size of the adductor muscle was estimated across the zygomatic arches by maximum width. The mechanical advantage was

Fibromyalgia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Fibromyalgia - Research Paper Example In the United States, more than six million people are likely to suffer from this disorder. This paper will provide details of the disorder including symptoms, diagnosis and the available treatment. Although research has been done in a bid to identify the causes of Fibromyalgia, there is still limited success; therefore, the causes of Fibromyalgia have remained unknown to many specialists. However, the findings from the recent research have associated Fibromyalgia with certain factors; for example, individuals who come from a family with an evident history of the disorder are likely to develop Fibromyalgia in their life (Elrod 76). This suggests that there is a genetic susceptibility to the disorder. Additional research has also associated the development of Fibromyalgia with the exposure to traumatic events such as involvement in car accidents, repetitive injuries, different types of illnesses or even participating in a war. Moreover, having certain diseases make an individual more prone to developing Fibromyalgia. Such diseases include, lupus diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and other types of arthritis. Prior to the diagnosis of Fibromyalgia, an individual may be compelled to seek the help of different specialists because of the persistent pain and fatigue which are the primary symptoms of the disorder. In the past, these symptoms have been confused with the symptoms of other diseases. This served to place a difficulty in the efforts to diagnose the condition. Many doctors have remained unaware of the condition and its symptoms a factor that hindered positive diagnosis. Therefore, many patients suffered without specialized treatment for the condition. However, in the modern day there is increased understanding of the characteristics of the disorder a factor that has led to a possible diagnosis (Ostalecki 56). Many doctors usually consider the patient history

A Computer Distributed Banking System Term Paper

A Computer Distributed Banking System - Term Paper Example In this term paper the researcher presents the architecture of the core banking system of T-Bank. The main operations of bank are deposits and loans (mortgage, consumer loans). In the paragraphs that follow, firstly, the researcher provides an overview of the bank infrastructure and network. The bank’s network consists of a number of 100mbps Ethernet LANs (Spurgeon), (one for each bank branch or division) interconnected by a 2Mbps frame relay broadband network. Secondly, the researcher also presents the general requirements of the system in terms of functionality, efficiency, reliability and consistency that are needed. The researcher also provides the description of the distributed system architecture currently being used. Then, the researcher focuses on the description of the architecture and main features of the system used in T-Bank, in relation to the requirements presented in the term paper. Finally, the main functional and technical problems with the current distributed system architecture are presented as well, together with the suggestions of the researcher on the topics of improving some of the issues described. Problems and suggested solutions were also mentioned in the term paper, such as issues concerning the applications front end and performance issues as well as proposed solution, that states that improvements in the batch programs codes especially in the database queries can improve performance. In addition, more processing power of the mainframe can improve the speed of the processor.

Critical analysis of the Urbanisation (cause-effect fram work) Essay

Critical analysis of the Urbanisation (cause-effect fram work) - Essay Example This is reflected in the increased importance given to health and environment concerns in the formulation of national plans for sustainable development, by many countries. It is essential that these plans are supported and implemented by all sectors contributing to economic development. It is essential that long-term intervention is directed at reducing the driving forces that generate the environmental health threats. Successful public health interventions concentrate on improving human environments and promote a more holistic perspective on health (Corvalan et al, 1999: 656). New tools are needed to ensure that intersectoral action is implemented in the way that the health sector functions. Improving coordination might be one of the most important ways in which we can help put the planet back on a healthy and sustainable path, states Schimding (2002: 632). forces that generate environmental pressures, creating changes in the state of the environment and eventually contributing to human exposures, states the World Health Organisation Report (1997: 2). Kahlmeier & Braun-Fahrlander (2004: 104) support the use of the frame-work. mediated health hazard may be the immediate cause of ill health, the â€Å"driving force† and â€Å"pressures†leading to environmental degradation may be the most effective points of control of the hazard. The â€Å"network† of connections within the framework can be used to identify cause-effect â€Å"pathways† or â€Å"trees,† depending on whether the framework is used to analyze the multiple health effects of a single driving force (eg, transport policy relying on car transport leading to increased motor vehicle related injuries, effects on the respiratory system, noise disturbance, etc) or to analyze the multiple causes of a single health effect, for example: acute respiratory infections in children resulting from driving forces such as poverty, household energy policies, housing policies, and agricultural policies

Conservative Approach of Organosations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conservative Approach of Organosations - Essay Example Some say, â€Å"Attack is the best defense† while others preach, â€Å"defense is the best attack† (Shim, pp. 62, 2011). This paper is an attempt to capture a glance of this debate by exploring the arguments of both sides of the debate. Discussion Arguments in favour of aggressive approach Following could be some of the advantages in favour of the aggressive approach of companies. First, it is always difficult for firms to compete with each other when the switching costs incurred by the buyer for a product or service are high. This is more likely to be true in the technological market since the switching costs goes on to include the high fixed investments, training expenditure and others (Markides & Geroski, pp. 139-140, 2005). Therefore, when a new firm tries to compete with the first mover in the industry, it always has to consider the switching costs of buyers that are high in case of technology related or technology based products. Therefore, the new firms has to co me up with a value proposition that not only offers more value than the existing product but that value should also be sufficient to induce the customers in incurring the switching costs (Geel, pp. 351, 2011). ... 20-21, 2009). Third, there are no doubts in the fact that firms that are quick in capitalizing on technological opportunities also develop a unique relation with their buyers that other firms fail to have. These firms get more time to exploit the distribution and supplier channels thus their relationship with all of distribution and supplier channels stands out of the crowd (Skarzynski & Gibson, pp. 168-169, 2008). Further researches reveal that not only firms that capitalize on technological opportunities end up getting hold of those superior and innovative technologies but at the same time, they also end up acquiring the lion’s share of many other resources associated with the same. For example, if there any assets or natural resources associated with the business that is unique, the firm may be able to acquire that on well below the market price or may have great bargaining advantage over the suppliers, which other firms will not have when they enter into a crowded market ( Shim, pp. 62, 2011; Porter, pp. 46-47, 1998). The importance of adopting new technologies is also evident from the blue ocean strategy as well, which is, in itself, a new and unique chapter in the field of strategic management. The strategy argues that the entire field of strategic management is faulty and flawed in the sense that it encourages firm to remain and fight in the red oceans. The blue ocean strategy divides the marketplace into blue oceans and red oceans. Most of the firms are in Red Ocean that is characterized by their fierce competitive environment, cutthroat competition, increasing pressuring on firms to beat competition (Markides &

Profesional nursing organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Profesional nursing organization - Essay Example Nurses can share their success and predicaments in seminars or meetings where peers come up with compliments, solutions or challenges. Networking thus enhances information flow and updates on the current trends in nursing. By sharing information and updates, the general feeling and perspectives of individual nurses is felt and discussed for possible action. Another importance of nursing organizations is that they assist in creation of favorable health-related policies in state assemblies. The power of numbers takes charge to protect the interest of nurses in legislation. Nursing organizations have representatives in state assemblies where they present their views. Thus, professional organizations ensure that the voices of nurses are heard and considered since organizations boost the credibility of nurses to speak in the legislative arena about issues that can transform the entire health care system for the better (Abood 2007). By doing this, the organizations secure better deals for nurses. In a nutshell, nursing organizations enable sharing information and updates among members and also coerce legislators using expert advice to solicit support on favorable terms and conditions for nurses. These actions are possible because of professional and financial capabilities that the organizations

Unmet needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unmet needs - Essay Example HSV-2 has a higher bracket since it incorporates those between 20% and 80%. HSV-2 is common between women than in men. In the USA, the HSV-2 viruses are prevalent among black people than the whites and the Latinos. This virus only affects the humans. This is through close personal contact. The infections occur through inoculation of the virus into susceptible mucosal surfaces. This will cause the viruses to thrive under room temperatures thereby causing drying. The unmet need associated with the disease is that the medical practitioners have not been able to identify a cure and a permanent way to eradicate the disease. This has caused continued suffering from infected people. In this disease state presentation, I have an idea that can help the society eradicate the disease completely. The idea is to encourage the society to use the product that we are going to develop. This is the mass production of latex condoms. Latex condoms have been proven scientifically to minimize the exposure of the genital organs during sexual activities. Sexual activities are the main cause of herpes. Secondly, I have devised a specific glove, the latex glove. This will be used when inserting the hand in an oral cavity. Thirdly, I have developed another idea of anti-viral therapy that is going to be used to reduce episodes of asymptomatic viral shedding (Leslie and Robbins 8). The second disease state that am going to look at is arthritis. This is a disease state with minimal disease action during ant rheumatic treatment or a disease state with tenacious nonappearance of medical and radiological ciphers of disease activity deprived of being pickled for a precise time. The causative agent for second factor is the absence of autoantibodies. The factors that cause this disease are many. They include heredity. Arthritis is a disease that is normally inherited from

Cultural Practices that Affect Health Essay Example for Free

Cultural Practices that Affect Health Essay The Community Health Nurse (CHN), an individual who works outside of the hospital setting and typically with a specific community to provide basic health care systems (All Nursing Schools, 2009) can be perceived as the bridge to address the gap between western medicine and cultural traditions. In cases when cultural practices cause physical harm and health risks, the CHN can be the tool to provide information and educate individuals to inform them of the tangible health risks and often permanent damages caused by such practices. What is also important to acknowledge is that there is an imminent health risk that needs to be addressed. According to Megan Costello (2004), in an article about female circumcision, sometimes making a practice illegal does not serve as a good enough deterrent. Costello (2004) explains that what people need is more information to understand the health risks and the unwarranted, in terms of perceived health benefit, practice. In North African countries, an average of 94 percent of women are subjected to female circumcision (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 2008). In the United States there are an estimated 228,000 girls and women at risk of female circumcision (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 2008). The CHN through community agencies or organizations can work to create care systems that will facilitate the dissemination of information. The CHN can effect policy change that will bring health care to the disadvantage populations or minority groups, such as refugees, who may have little understanding of western health care systems. Essentially, to address the gap between large health care institution and individual members of small communities, the CHN has the task of developing a system that will inform members of these groups of the serious harm caused by their practices. Similarly, the CHN through the same system can protect the young adults often subjected to these traditional practices. In the case of female circumcision, Bien Aime of Equality Now (quoted in Costello, 2004) says, â€Å"†¦ people need education. We need people on the ground who have access to girls and young women at risk, to help them understand that not only is this procedure against the law, but also that there are harmful effects. † As more and more cultures and ethnic backgrounds are assimilated through migration activities there is a need to provide health care that is culturally competent. The CHN becomes integral in the task of providing adequate care to all individuals with equity regardless of cultural or ethnic backgrounds through a sensitive approach. In cases where the cultural practice causes permanent injuries and prolonged negative complications to health the CHN can contribute to changing these practices. References All Nursing Schools. (2009). Become a Community Health Nurse. All Nursing Schools. Retrieved March 7, 2009, from http://www. allnursingschools. com/faqs/community-health-nurse. php Brigham and Women’s Hospital. (2008). African Women’s Health Center. Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Retrieved March 7, 2009 from http://www. brighamandwomens. org/africanwomenscenter/FGCprevalence. aspx and http://www. brighamandwomens. org/africanwomenscenter/education. aspx? subID=submenu4 Costello, A. (2004, February 19). Two in U. S. Accused of Genital Mutilation. Women’s E News. Retrieved March 7, 2009 from http://www. womensenews. org/article. cfm/dyn/aid/1718

Virtue Ethics And Deontology

Virtue Ethics And Deontology The purpose of this essay is to talk about virtue ethics, Deontology and I m going to talk about its meaning and how a person that practices, or have this kind of ethics system will act if he or she would be in a dilemma; it is important to remember that I am going to show this on the different ethics systems that I am going to talk about, and that Ill explain it with some examples that weve learned in class. Another thing that I am going to express in this essay is my opinion about each ethic system that I will talk about. Virtue ethics is a system of ethics that emphasizes on the virtues or the moral character of the people. This means that it is based on what the person had done if he has done bad things then he has a bad moral character. Supposing that someone needs help then, someone that practices the virtue ethics will eventually help him if he is a good person, he would help him because in that case the person that is helping is doing charity or benevolence. Now Ill explain it with an example that Ive seen in the class of Mr. Stevens: Suppose that there is a train that is going to crash five people and if you turn the roads of the train u kill one person; suppose that person is good and the other five are bad persons with bad moral character so someone that practices virtue ethics will let the train to kill the five people. Virtue ethics is based on some features that are: -Its guiding question: What should I do? -Emphasis on character, not on individual actions. The goodness comes from the people that perform the act not vice versa, this means that the good people here is the one that performs the act. -It is based on the character of the person that you are helping if he is someone that has patience or benevolence he has virtues, and if he is someone that has cowardice or laziness, etc he has vices and he is not a virtuous person. -To have a virtue is to respond to some certain sorts of situations or circumstances in the appropriate way, for example: having courage in a difficult or dangerous situation. -Good people are virtuous and they dont have vices. It is important to remember that the virtue ethics were created by the Greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato. It was originated in the Greek Philosophy on that time. Deontology Deontology, also called deontological ethics, is a system of ethic that judges the morality (if its a good action or it is a bad action) of an action if the action is based on some rules or duties. So deontologists do their actions according to a rule or a duty that we can find in two main schools of deontology that are: Kant: As I have said before Deontology obeys rules and Inter Kant, that was a deontologist proposed three laws: Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Act as though the maxim of your action were by your will to become a universal law of nature. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only. This one was old, he was born on 1724 and died on 1804.There is other school of deontology and it is more modern that is the W.D.Ross (1877-1971) He says that the actions on deontology were judged according to some duties that he stated, that are: Duties stemming from ones own previous actions: 1. fidelity: duty to fulfill (explicit and implicit) promises/agreements into which one has entered 2. Reparation: duty to make up for wrongful acts previously done to others Duties stemming from the previous actions of others: 3. gratitude: duty to repay others for past favors done for oneself Duties stemming from the (possibility of) a mismatch between persons pleasure or happiness and their merit: 4. justice: duty to prevent or correct such a mismatch Duties stemming from the possibility of improving the conditions of others with respect to virtue, intelligence, or pleasure: 5. beneficence: duty to improve the conditions of others in these respects Duties stemming from the possibility of improving ones own condition with respect to virtue or intelligence: 6. self-improvement : duty to improve ones own condition in these respects Special duty to be distinguished from the duty of beneficence: 7. Non-maleficence: duty not to injure others So then according to the train example I have explained after in this essay a deontologist will let the 5 guys to die, even if they were bad persons. Ill explain it with a law that is the rule number 1 of Kant school. So a deontologist will let the 5 people to die because he follows rules, and in that case what will happen if all people would be doing an action to kill one people, the person that is doing the action is not killing him, but he is doing an action, there. My opinion about this ethic system, is that this ethics system is a good system because, it respects the life of everyone and the duties and laws are very good proposed because they let you make a good decision in which you would not feel guilty at the end.

Minimum Wage: Exploitation through a Subsistent Wage

Minimum Wage: Exploitation through a Subsistent Wage The Raising of the Minimum Wage: Exploitation through a Subsistent Wage I. Introduction For many years in the United States the minimum wage has not aligned with the cost of living. Low wage workers typically earn the minimum wage and cannot sustain themselves due to the constant rise of housing, food, and health care. The bourgeoisie manipulates the proletariat through exploitation with a subsistent wage that rarely increases. In this essay, I aim to demonstrate that the elite cause a class conflict to keep the bourgeoisie in power to maintain a hegemony over the lower class. II. The Elite Perspective In a New York Times article titled, Higher Minimum Wage May Have Losers, Noam Scheiber highlights that many cities and states are considering raising the minimum wage, but some economists and business owners warn that a raise may be problematic for business owners and current low wage workers. At the annual American Economic Association, Economics professor John Horton Of New York University delivered an essay concerning an experiment he did regarding raising the minimum wage. Using an online platform, employees post jobs anonymously. Workers then submit an hourly wage competing for them. Scheiber states: Mr. Horton, working with the platform, was able to impose a minimum wage random on one-quarter of about 160,000 jobs posted over roughly a month and a half in 2013. If a worker proposed an hourly wage that was below the minimum, the platforms software asked him or her to raise the bid until it cleared the threshold. (cite) At prima facie, the experiment demonstrated that when the minimum wage increased there was little if no decline in hiring. However, the hours a worker spent on a job fell for the jobs that were lower wage before the study. In addition, Horton claimed that employers were hiring more productive works to compensate for the lost earnings from the adjusted higher wage. Consequently, the lower wage workers were less productive, according to Horton, and thus lost their jobs. He concluded that raising the minimum wage could cost low-skilled workers their jobs, as employers replace them with higher productive individuals. Additionally, some economists claim that the more productive workers that do not take the jobs from the low skilled workers will also need a pay raise, which may cause more economic issues. Furthermore, others such as Zane Tankel, chief executive of Applebees restaurant infers that higher wages will accelerate automation, which will offset costs and leave may workers jobless .[1] III. A Sociological Critique Hortons data is tailored to benefit the bourgeoisie and highlights how the individuals in elite position help maintain a hegemony over the lower class. Consequently, the proletariat is given a subsistent wage and is exploited for their labor. Marx claimed that the worker is given just enough pay to survive and have a family and children so that when the worker falters, the children can take over the subsistent wage.[2] Hortons experiment highlights how the worker is exploited with a subsistent wage. In addition, his data demonstrates that low wage workers will lose their jobs to the high output workers. This conflict between the two workers causes what Marx termed alienation. Marx defined it as: the breakdown of, the separation, from, the natural interconnection between people and their productive activities, the products they produce, the fellow workers with whom they produce those things, and with what they are potentially capable of becoming.[3] This alienation keeps individuals from achieving their full potential and keeps them in a subservient state. Scheibers article contains a comment from Applebees executive who states that forced higher wages will accelerate automation, thus more employees will lose their jobs. The inference that workers will be replaced faster by automation demonstrates that the bourgeoisie does not value the labor that the proletariat loses for a meager wage. Marxist theory states that all value comes from the labor and is therefore traceable, in capitalism, to the proletariat.[4] The bourgeoisie does not recognize this value and further exploitation of the surplus value that is extracted from the worker. Scheibers article demonstrates that Horton neglects the conflict between classes and actually helps the elite in a bias fashion. IV. Solution One may contemplate if the worker and capitalist comprehend the magnitude of the conflict between them. Marx would assume that, both the proletariat and the capitalists [bourgeoisie] have an inaccurate sense of themselves, their relationship to one another, and the way in which capitalism operates.[5] While this may be true that the average individual or business owner is unaware of this conflict and holds false consciousness, it is unlikely that Professor Horton is ignorant of these conflicts. While some are aware and have false consciousness, it is crucial that the majority of both capitalists and workers become aware or have class consciousness-the ability of a class, in particular the proletariat, to overcome false consciousness and attain an accurate understanding of the capitalist system.[6] Additionally, once this consciousness is achieved, then the workers must engage in what Marx termed praxis, or the idea that people, especially the proletariat, must take concrete action in order to overcome capitalism. This solution of praxis is extreme and workers can most likely keep some form of capitalism but demand a proper wage. The consciousness compounded with praxis can even out the conflict between the classes and articles concerning the debate over low wages would be nonexistent. V. Conclusion The article Higher Minimum Wage May Have Losers, highlights the conflict that individuals such as Horton create between the workers and capitalists. The conflict between the two creates what Marx claimed to be a loss of human potential through exploitation, alienation of surplus value, and the fact that workers work and live under a subsistent wage. The solution is class consciousness and praxis that results in change. Bibliography [1] Cite article [2] Pg 26 [3] Pg 24 [4] 26 [5] 27 [6] 28

Platos Concept Of Justice Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Plato's Concept Of Justice ABSTRACT: In his philosophy Plato gives a prominent place to the idea of justice. Plato was highly dissatisfied with the prevailing degenerating conditions in Athens. The Athenian democracy was on the verge of ruin and was ultimately responsible for Socrates's death. The amateur meddlesomeness and excessive individualism became main targets of Plato's attack. This attack came in the form of the construction of an ideal society in which justice reigned supreme, since Plato believed justice to be the remedy for curing these evils. After criticizing the conventional theories of justice presented differently by Cephalus, Polymarchus, Thrasymachus and Glaucon, Plato gives us his own theory of justice according to which, individually, justice is a 'human virtue' that makes a person self-consistent and good; socially, justice is a social consciousness that makes a society internally harmonious and good. According to Plato, justice is a sort of specialization. Plato in his philosophy gives very important place to the idea of justice. He used the Greek word "Dikaisyne" for justice which comes very near to the work 'morality' or 'righteousness', it properly includes within it the whole duty of man. It also covers the whole field of the individual's conduct in so far as it affects others. Plato contended that justice is the quality of soul, in virtue of which men set aside the irrational desire to taste every pleasure and to get a selfish satisfaction out of every object and accommodated themselves to the discharge of a single function for the general benefit. Plato was highly dissatisfied with the prevailing degenerating conditions in Athens. The Athenian democracy was on the verge of ruin and was ulti... ...refore, be like that harmony of relationship where the Planets are held together in the orderly movement. Plato was convinced that a society which is so organized is fit for survival. Where man are out of their natural places, there the co-ordination of parts is destroyed, the society disintegrates and dissolves. Justice, therefore, is the citizen sense of duties. Justice is, for Plato, at once a part of human virtue and the bond, which joins man together in society. It is the identical quality that makes good and social . Justice is an order and duty of the parts of the soul, it is to the soul as health is to the body. Plato says that justice is not mere strength, but it is a harmonious strength. Justice is not the right of the stronger but the effective harmony of the whole. All moral conceptions revolve about the good of the whole-individual as well as social.

T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock :: essays research papers fc

TS Eliot's Prufrock The ironic character of "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," an early poem by T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) in the form of a dramatic monologue, is introduced in its title. Eliot is talking, through his speaker, about the absence of love, and the poem, so far from being a "song," is a meditation on the failure of romance. The opening image of evening (traditionally the time of love making) is disquieting, rather than consoling or seductive, and the evening "becomes a patient" (Spender 160): "When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table" (2-3). According to Berryman, with this line begins modern poetry (197). The urban location of the poem is confrontational instead of being alluring. Eliot, as a Modernist, sets his poem in a decayed cityscape, " a drab neighborhood of cheap hotels and restaurants, where Prufrock lives in solitary gloom" (Harlan 265). The experience of Prufrock is set against that of unnamed "women" (13), collectively representing womankind. Their unattainable status is represented by their constant movement- they "come and go"- and their "polite chitchat about Michelangelo, who was a man of great creative energy, unlike Prufrock" (Harlan 265). We cannot imagine that they would listen to any love song by Prufrock, any more than they would find his name or his person attractive. "A man named J. Alfred Prufrock could hardly be expected to sing a love song; he sounds too well dressed" (Berryman 197)."J. Alfred Prufrock" indicates his formality, and his surname, in particular, indicates prudery. The powerful metaphor, a visual image of the "yellow fog" (15) in the fourth stanza, represents the jaundiced environment of the modern city, or Eliot's "infernal version of the forest of Arden" (Cervo 227). The image is ambiguous, however, because Eliot als o makes it curiously attractive in the precision he uses in comparing the fog's motions to that of a cat who "[l]icked its tongue into the corners of the evening" (17). We also hear the fog, disquietingly, in that image, in the onomatopoeia of "licked." Repetition of "time", in the following stanza, shows how the world of Prufrock's being is bound to temporality. "Prufrock speaks to his listeners as if they had come to visit him in some circle of unchanging hell where time has stopped and all action has become theoretical" (Miller 183). "Time" is repeated, several times, but it is not only its inescapable presence that Eliot is emphasizing, but also the triviality of the ways in which we use it; "the taking of a toast and tea" (34).

Art as Nazi Propaganda

Abby Hutt HUM 324 1 December 2008 Art as Propaganda in Nazi Germany Having been an artist himself, Hitler understood the potential power of imagery in moving the masses. â€Å"We shall discover and encourage the artists who are able to impress upon the State of the German people the cultural stamp of the Germanic race . . . in their origin and in the picture which they present, they are the expressions of the soul and the ideals of the community† (Hitler, Party Day speech, 1935, qtd. Nazi Approved Art).It is true that, with every culture throughout history, art represents â€Å"the ideals of the community,† but it is clear that during the Third Reich, these â€Å"ideals† were controlled by the Nazi Party. Hitler transformed the role of the artist to promote Germany and glorify the nation and his own ideals. Artists who did not comply with Hitler’s ideals risked their life, and therefore, there is an absence of social realism in German art during this time. The artists of Nazi Germany commonly depicted beautiful pastoral scenes, the heroism of German soldiers, the â€Å"volk† (common folk) as Aryans in peaceful settings, and the evils of the Jewish people.These kinds of stereotypes were useful in art, in that they were extremely simplistic, and therefore easily interpreted by the masses. Even the uneducated, the people who couldn’t read, could view these kinds of paintings and sculptures and understand them, but more importantly, could be moved by them. In the early twentieth century, there were radical changes being made in the art world. Modern movements such as Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and Expressionism were not easily understood by the masses. They were not universally appreciated, and in fact, seen as â€Å"elitist† by many, or even â€Å"degenerate† by others.Max Nordau, a physician and social critic, wrote Degeneration, in which he attacks â€Å"degenerate† modern art. â€Å"Such a style of painting may be compared to the disconnected speech of a weak mind, who chatters according to the current of the association of ideas, wanders in his talk, and neither knows himself, what he wishes to arrive at, nor is able to make it clear to us† (Nordau 84). Nordau presents several case studies of artists and writers, his main point being that society is degenerating and that it is both partially caused by and reflected in modern art.Despite being Jewish, and using anti-semitism as an example of degeneration, Nordau’s â€Å"scientific† attack against modern art, and the phrase â€Å"degenerate† was recycled by the German Nationalist Socialists in order to promote their own style of art as propaganda. It is clear that the artists of the Third Reich did not â€Å"wander† in their message, and knew precisely what they wanted to make clear to the public. Hitler expressed his disgust with modern â€Å"degenerate† art, â€Å"As for the degene rate artists, I forbid them to force their so-called experiences upon the public.If they do see fields blue, they are deranged, and should go to an asylum. If they only pretend to see them blue, they are criminals, and should go to prison. I will purge the nation of them† (Hitler, qtd. Gardner 110). This is a perfect example of the way in which Hitler adjusted the intellectual level of his message in order to appeal to the masses. Yourman identifies one of the major propaganda techniques of the Nazi party as â€Å"name-calling. † â€Å"’Name calling’ is a device to make us form a judgement without examining the evidence on which it should be based. Here, the propagandist appeals to our hate and fear† (Yourman 149).Hitler calls modern artists deranged, degenerate, criminals. It seems that, during this time, modern art was not widely understood by the public, and it is for this reason that Hitler was easily able to persuade the masses into both fearin g and hating this type of art, as well as accepting the more realistic and simplistic Nazi propaganda. In September of 1933, Reichskulturkammer (Reich Culture Chamber) was established. Within the chamber, subgroups were established for music, film, literature, and visual arts, consisting of racially pure artists who would promote the Third Reich.In 1937, the Haus der Kunst (â€Å"House of Art†) was erected by the Third Reich, in order to showcase the finest German art approved by the Third Reich. It was to hold two annual juried art shows, called â€Å"The Great German Art Exhibition† and â€Å"The German Architecture and Crafts Exhibiton. † July 16th was declared the â€Å"Day of German Art,† an annual holiday to coincide with the exhibitions (Kasher 53). At the opening of the Huas der Kunst, Hitler gave a speech in which he declared, â€Å"†¦the artist does not produce for the artist, he produces for the people, just as everybody else does! And we are going to take care that it will be the people who from ow on will again be called upon as judges over its art†¦. For an art that cannot count on the most joyful and most heartfelt assent of the healthy, broad masses of the people, but relies on small, partly interested, partly disingenuous cliques, is intolerable† (Hitler, qtd. Werckmeister 337) Again, Hitler was appealing to the masses by portraying Nazi propaganda as the art of the people. He convinces them that they are the true judges of art, instead of the â€Å"elitist† modern artists. The Reich Culture Chamber held a Degenerate Art exhibition in Munich at the same time as The Great German Art Exhibition.After seizing about 17,000 works of art from German museums, they displayed about 600 of them in their famous in the exhibition. â€Å"Exhibition organizers surrounded the paintings and sculpture with mocking graffiti and quotations from Hitler's speeches, designed to inflame public opinion against this â€Å"decadent† avant-garde art. Ironically, the exhibition attracted five times as many visitors (36,000 on one Sunday alone) as the equally large â€Å"Great German Art Exhibition† of Nazi-approved art that opened in Munich at the same time† (Philadelphia Museum of Art).Arno Breker was â€Å"the official state sculptor† of the Third Reich. He had studied sculpture in Paris and Berlin, and he was discovered by the Nazi Party, when his sculpture Decathlete came in second in the sculpture competition for the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. After being appointed by Hitler as official state sculptor, he was given a studio and assistants. The majority of Breker’s works consist of muscular male nudes that were meant to symbolize a nation young, natural, healthy, and moral†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kasher 10). One of Breker’s most famous works is Die Partei, a statue meant to represent the spirit of the Nazi party.Heinrich Hoffman was considered the leading Nazi ph otographer. He was a friend of Hitler’s and he documented the rise of the Nazi party. He was eventually appointed by Hitler as a national photojournalist, with the â€Å"exclusive right to issue photographs of Hitler† (Kasher 17). He ran his own business, hired other photographers, published several photobooks glorifying the Nazi party, and distributed photographs to the press, which did the same. One of the most successful forms of Nazi propaganda, however, seemed to be the Nazi Party posers, which exhibited â€Å"volkisch† thought, appealing to the â€Å"common people. Hitler was shown in posters, as somewhat of a mystical figure, guiding the destiny of the people of Germany. â€Å"The essentially negative anti-parliamentarianism of Nazi propaganda led to the projection of the ‘Fuhrer-myth', which depicted Hitler as both charismatic superman and man of the people† (Welch). Many paintings and posters portrayed Hitler in the ‘renaissance pose ', with one knee up, with the slogan â€Å"Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Fuhrer† (â€Å"One People, One Nation, One Leader†).Beginning in the late 1930s, the tone of Nazi propaganda reflected the increasingly radical view of anti-semitism. â€Å"The Jewish stereotypes shown in such propaganda served to reinforce anxieties about modern developments in political and economic life, without bothering to question the reality of the Jewish role in German society† (Welch). The transition from the popularity of avant-garde visual arts in Germany to the art of the Third Reich, is somewhat symbolic of the entire manner in which Hitler gained control over Germany.His words from Mein Kampf foreshadow this, â€Å"The greater the mass it is intended to reach, the lower its purely intellectual level will have to be† (Hitler, qtd. Asheville 464). Hitler understood the power of imagery in persuading the German people, especially the uneducated. The uneducated could understand the simplistic style and subject matter of the art of the Third Reich. The Nazi Party played off of the fears of the German people, which was why the demoralization of modern art and the glorification of the Nazi Party was so successful in Nazi Germany.Works Cited â€Å"Degenerate Art. † Philadelphia Museum of Art. 2008. . Forster, E. M. Commonplace Book. Standford: Stanford University Press, 1985. Heskett, John. â€Å"Art and Design in Nazi Germany. † History Workshop, No. 6 (1978), pp. 139-153. Oxford University Press Stable. Ramsey Library University of North Carolina. (Nov. 26, 2008) . Kasher, Steven. â€Å"The Art of Hitler. † October, Vol. 59, (Winter, 1992), pp. 48-85. The MIT Press. Ramsey Library University of North Carolina. (Nov. 26 2008) . Nordau, Max. Degeneration. New York City: D.Appleton and Company, 1895. Welch, David. â€Å"Nazi Propaganda. † World War II. BBC. . Werckmeister, O. K. â€Å"‘Degenerate Art': The Fate of the Avant-Ga rde in Nazi Germany. † The Art Bulletin 79. n2 (June 1997): 337(5). Academic OneFile. Gale. Univ of North Carolina Asheville. 26 Nov. 2008. . Yourman, Julius. â€Å"Propaganda Techniques Within Nazi Germany. † Journal of Educational Sociology. Vol. 13, No. 3, Education Under Nazism (Nov. , 1939), pp. 148-163. American Sociological Association. Ramsey Library University of North Carolina. (Nov. 26 2008) .

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Skin Extract Essay

Nowadays, people have using different herbal soap that are expensive and less effective. Our aims is to make an effective and cheaper herbal soap. Like pineapple skin , pineapple fruit has some active principles with important . Pineapple Skin has a benefits in making herbal soap because it has that properties that can make the skin look good and protects the skin. Statement of the Problem Main Problem: Does the pineapple skin soap more effective than the other commercial soap? Specific problem: Is the soap effective on skin? Will the soap has side effects like irrattion and others? Objectives This study mainly aimed to determine how useful pineapple skins are. The ideal outcome of this study can be achieved by obtaining the following specific objectives: Compare the pineapple skin to other ingredients used in other commercial soap Test the effectiveness of pineapple as a skin cleanser and moisturizer Hypothesis If pineapple skin is used as an ingredient in a soap, then there would be an effective cleanser as well as moisturizer in one soap Significance of The Study You can make a bathing soap with pineapple skin extract as a moisturizing soap. This plant is very common to our environment, and aside of its avaibility; it is easy to cultivate. It contains many components for moisturizing the skin. This study aims to produce an affordable herbal soap by making use of the natural properties of pineapple skin. And it also improves skin elastic, improve skin hydration, and remove damaged and dead cells and does not mix with chemicals that may damage our skin. It also have antifungal and purifying effect on the skin. Definition of Terms Bromelain – is an extract derived from the stems of pineapples. Manganese – a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Chapter II: Review of Related Literature The high vitamin C and bromelain content of pineapple juice make it an effective acne treatment. Bromelain is an enzyme that softens skin and has been used for hundreds of years in South and Central America to fight inflammation and swelling. Raw pineapple is an excellent source of manganese and vitamin C . Applying vitamin C to the skin may have a beneficial effect because of its antioxidant properties. Correctly formulated vitamin C creams may protect against the aging effect of sunlight and reduce winkles, mainly from its stem, pineapple contains a proteilytic enzyme, bromelain, which breaks down protein. If having sufficientr bromelain content, raw pineapple juice may be used as a meat marinade and tenderizer. Pineapple enzymes can interfere with the preparation of some food, such as jellyland other gelatin-based dessert, but would be destroyed during cooking and canning. The quality of bromelain in the fruit probably not significant, being mostly in the inedible stack. Furthermore, an ingested enzyme like bromelain unlikely to survive intact the proteolytic process of digestion. Pineapple is crammed with vitamins but most of all a very skin friendly enzyme called Bromeliad. With these it fights the damaged done to your skin by free radicals, lifts dirt and dead skin cell. It hydrates and is also know to reduce age spots and fine lines and leaves the  skin supple and leaves you with a the softest skin pineapple or a pineapple facial mask can also be a powerful ally in your quest against acne. The high vitamins C and bromelain content of pineapple juice make it an effective acne treatment. Bromelain is an enzyme that soften skin and has been used for hundreds of year in South and Central America to fight inflammation and swelling.

Baldwin Cycle Case

Baldwin Cycle Case 1. Relevant Cost: Direct Material$39. 8 Direct Labor$19. 6 Variable Overhead(@40% of $24. 5)$9. 8 Total Relevant Costs$69. 2 2. 2-months Raw material for 25,000 bikes @ $38. 9$165,833 WIP Inventory(1000 @ $69. 2)$69,200 Finished Goods(500 @ $69. 2)$34,600 A/R (30 days) @(25,000/12*92. 29)$192,270 Total Inventory Costs$461,904 Relevant Asset Cost (@5. 5 %) $25,405 Total Relevant Asset Cost$487,309 Interest @ 18%$87,716 Net Relevant Cost$399,593 Price Per Bicycle$15. 98 3. Cannibalization or erosion will arguably lead to reduction in Baldwin’s revenue.The lost sales amount to $1. 3 Million. However, if the challenger bikes are not introduced fearing impacts of cannibalization or erosion, Baldwin’s competitor can step in and claim the benefits. Hi-Valu can turn to Baldwin’s competitor and that can have a larger and long-term effect on an already declining bicycle market share for Baldwin. 4. It is difficult to predict return as implementation of t his deal opens up uncertainty in retaining existing customers. 5. The current inventory turnover rate is 125 days for Baldwin and 46 days for account receivable turnover.However, Hi-Valu will pay Baldwin in 30 days resulting in early cash realization. The deal also positively impacts inventory turnover by limiting it to 120 days. Thus the deal has a favorable impact on Baldwin Cash flows. 6. Baldwin’s financial situation is as follows: a. High debt to equity ratio from high amount of short-term debt b. High debt can lead to problems in raising additional financing c. From the current ratio(1. 28), it seems that Baldwin can pay of its liabilities d. With an 8. 2% ROE, Baldwin has a lower ROE than the industry average 7.Baldwin isn’t well poised at end of 1982 for the following reasons: a. Bicycle boom has flattened out resulting the plant operating capacity to be underutilized at 75% b. Challenger deal provides added capacity for a guaranteed 3 years with additional sco pe on a yearly contact basis c. Baldwin could lose sales of 3000 units and loss of current dealers due to the deal Based on long-term prospect of losing 3000 units of sales and current dealers, Baldwin should reject the deal unless some revisions to the deal are presented.

Batangas Authentic Food Essay

Introduction Food plays a significant role in people’s lives. These may encompass food as a tool for comfort, reward, as a hobby and also for travel. It has become a defining obsession among the young and urbane, viewing it as a legitimate option for a hobby, a topic of continual discussion and a playground for competition. Food’s transformation from a fetid hobby to a youth-culture phenomenon happens remarkably fast. In these events, food becomes one of the primary reasons in motivating a person to travel (Idov, 2012). Culinary tourism covers beyond the dining experience. It includes a variety of culinary, agri-tourism and agri-food activities, developed specifically for tourists that showcase food and beverages. This also provides opportunity for visitors to discover dishes indigenous to each region while learning about its unique talents and creativity. The International Culinary Tourism Association also defines Culinary Tourism as, â€Å"the pursuit of unique and memorable eating and drinking experiences.† Cuisine is among the most flexible and dynamic elements of culture. It involves the blending of ingredients and preparations for different cultures. Agricultural diversification, food preservation technology, efficient transportation, awareness of new food preparation techniques, prestige foods and migrations into and out of communities have been ushering supplementary culinary traditions in the Philippines. Culinary traditions are important elements of a people’s history. As local tourism and heritage conservation become significant to community pride and income, histories about food are needed as reference for contemporary projects and planning. There are many reasons for valuing culinary history (Sta. Maria, 2006). The Philippines’ 7,107 islands, divided into 77 provinces, show an enormous diversity in both their people and landscape. From the rugged cliffs and Ivatans of Batanes Islands through the sophisticated urbanites of Manila to the coral islands and Moslems of Tawi – Tawi, this is a land of extraordinary contrast and variety (Hicks, 2005). Philippine cuisine begin with a simple fare, a variety of vegetables readily gathered from the environment – yams such as taro, an assortment of leaves, coconut milk, fish, and chicken and pig, both of which are native to Southeast Asia. The Malay-Polynesian kitchen contributions such as coconut milk, varieties of rice, garlic, ginger, salted dried fish, shrimps, fish sauce, leaf-wrapped cuisine and roast pig are the staple. The use of peanuts and spices is more passive than in neighboring countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. From the Chinese cuisine evolved the lumpia and pancit which have taken the form of pancit luglug, pancit guisado, pancit marilao, pancit palabok and pancit molo. Spanish cooking introduced meat boiled as in puchero, cooked in vinegar as in adobo, stewed in tomato sauce as in mechado and scopped out and restuffed as relleno; along with desserts like leche flan and pastry such as ensaimada (Roces, 2006). Heading on the southwestern part of Luzon in the CALABARZON region lays the province of Batangas which offers acclaimed taste sensations. The name Batangas come from the word â€Å"batangan† meaning a raft that the people use for fishing in Taal Lake. Two of the world’s rarest freshwater fishes namely maliputo and tawilis are found in Taal Lake. Batangas cow is widely sought throughout the country. It is said to be one of the best species of cattle in the Philippines. Batangas culture is greatly influenced by the Spaniards because of their long period of settlement. Food is an integral part of the Batangas culture. Most Batangueà ±os are farmers and fishermen who sell their own products in the market. People can find a very hospitable culture in the Batangueà ±os, sharing more than the usual of the food they eat. Tourists keep coming back to Batangas not only for its attractions but also for the authentic food it offers. Batangas cuisine is attractive not because of the presentation of the dish, but because of its essence. The philosophy of cooking in Batangas is that cooking should highlight rather than coat. This study entitled â€Å"Culinary Tourism: Assessment of Batangas Cuisine† aims to evaluate the prominence of culinary attractions in Batangas, and the perception of the tourists in the native cuisines. Statement Of The Problem The researchers sought the answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the tourists in terms of: a. Age; b. Gender; c. Place of Origin; and d. Frequency of visit 2. What is the profile of the local dishes in terms of: a. Ingredients; b. Presentation; c. Techniques; d. History; e. Geography; and f. Prevailing Flavors 3. What is the perception of the tourists on the local dishes in terms of: a. Authenticity; b. Related programs and activities; and c. Feedback of tourist on the local dishes 4. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the tourists and their perception on the local dishes? Research Objectives The researchers fulfilled the following objectives: 1. Identify the profile of the tourists in terms of: a. Age; b. Gender; c. Place of Origin; and d. Frequency of visit. 2. Distinguish the profile of the local dishes in terms of: a. Ingredients; b. Presentation; c. Techniques; d. History; e. Geography; and f. Prevailing Flavors. 3. Determine the perception of the tourist on the local dishes in terms of: a. Authenticity; b. Related programs and activities; and c. Feedback of tourists on the local dishes. 4. Determine the significant relationship between the profile of the tourists and their perception on the local dishes. Significance Of The Study This study would be beneficial not only for the researchers but also for the other sectors of the society. The research would be significant for the endeavors of the following people: For hospitality students and professors The research will serve as a reference for the students and professors in their Hospitality Management courses. This study will also help students and professors to gain a deeper understanding in relation to the study. For the local community The study will strengthen the awareness of the local community in authentic cuisines of the different municipalities in Batangas. Through this study, they will be more familiar with their own traditional cuisines. For producers of the cuisines The study will serve as an opportunity to preserve and sustain the cuisines to the future generation. It will be beneficial for the producers of these cuisines to enhance their reputation and prestige. This will also be the source of their revenue if the cuisines will be recognized more by the people. For the local government The research will help the local government of Batangas in establishing a framework for the development of Food tourism. It will also help in promoting Batangueà ±o cuisines and the province itself. For the tourists The research will help the tourists to be more knowledgeable of the authentic cuisines the Batangueà ±os has to offer. It will also guide them in experiencing and familiarizing with the different cuisines in Batangas. For travel entities. The study will serve as a guide for the travel entities in promoting the Culinary Tourism of Batangas to their clients. It will also serve as a basis for formulating tour packages that will suit the preferences of the clients. For the researchers The study will be significant for the researchers in enhancing their knowledge about the native cuisines in the province of Batangas. It will serve as a tool in boosting the awareness of the researchers in the field of Food Tourism. For future researchers. The study will be helpful for the future researchers as their basis for their potential study. Scope and Limitation The study only covered Food Tourism of selected areas in Batangas. It also determined the main dishes the Batangueà ±os have to offer. These main dishes included Maliputo, Tawilis, Adobo sa Dilaw, Taghilaw, Tinindag, Bulalo and Sinaing na Tulingan that can be found in Lipa City, Taal, and Sto. Tomas. The dishes selected are most frequently encountered by the researchers in books, magazines, newspapers and government brochures. The study evaluated the perception of the tourists on the local dishes but not those of the local residents. It did not cover the eating habits of the tourists and the ethnic diversity of the dishes. Moreover, the study did not include the native delicacies and beverages.

Empowerment: Transforming Power and Powerlessness

The precise definition of transformational politics is a never ending issue in the governmental realm.   Consequently, Edward W. Schwerin stresses the idea in a connotation with deliberative state that such is a social and scholarly movement wherein such adherents are sharing an interest towards building a political community basically coherent to norms and other significant details in the concept of empowerment. Conceivably, these factors that build up the connotation are also based on standards such as cooperation, grassroots democracy, equality, environmental awareness and other demonstrative dynamics which possess the ability to the implications and the answers to how these dynamics are able to gain what tends to be the root on how â€Å"politics† and the people shall actually change or live with political decisions. Obviously, Shwerin’s definition and characterization of empowerment is derived from the philosophical works of Plato as well as with the idea that empowerment is in point of fact dependent on how the individual believes how one can be empowered or be disempowered for that instance. To quote his line with regard to the definition of â€Å"empowerment†Ã¢â‚¬â€the process of gaining mastery over one’s self and one’s environment in order to fulfill human needs (p.81)—perhaps his ideological definition may be correct in the factual basis, but if collaborated with the contemporary scenario, empowerment is not only conquered through an individual’s conception on such idea, but it must also be given by the environment upon which that person who wants to achieve such will be vested in the most holistic sense possible. Further, it would also be taken to assumption that Schwerin’s basis for stressing his views on â€Å"empowerment† are too vague and broad that upon arguing on the aforementioned perspective as a composition of the following: â€Å"self-worth, self-effectiveness, piece of knowledge and of abilities, awareness on the political aspect, and participation on socially and politically inclined events—it may be taken to assumption that he is nevertheless referring on the ideological perspective alone on transformational politics and not barely lingering on the schemes of contemporary deliberation and analysis on empowerment. However, his views on mediation experiences (p.93)—as empowering factors on individuals who participate on the ‘activities’—may be acceptable in further delight.   Specifically, his prediction that mediation trainees shall have personal empowerment is a great ordeal on understanding empowerment and the objective of empowering those who are powerless, per se. On the aspect of â€Å"grouping† and on the mediation strategy towards building a highly empowered group, his research has led him good value worth the critical analysis.   As far as political threshold is concerned, it is indeed realistic to say that mediators possess the higher chance to achieve â€Å"empowerment† rather than those who do not get exposed on the organizational activity—those who are experienced shall have the highest empowerment scores—more experience, greater the chance.   In the classroom basis, a â€Å"group of leaders† will have the highest score of getting â€Å"empowered† than only those who are considered as â€Å"group of mediators†Ã¢â‚¬â€intensive training is effective at teaching recruits (Schwerin, 1995).   Precisely true enough to prove his worth on his research. Levels of personal empowerment may be brought upon by training and the acquisition of knowledge, so to speak.   But the â€Å"real† empowerment comes from experience—dispute resolution, bringing up conflicts to a formal legal system—all these are piously given ample importance in trying to distinguish the definition of â€Å"empowerment.†Ã‚   Hence on personal opinion, empowerment may come from â€Å"own† beliefs but making other people believe that one is capable of such â€Å"high regard† is the best empowering method to be taken into account. Reference Schwerin, E. W. (1995). Mediation, Citizen Empowerment, and Transformational Politics. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers.      

Pepperdine University Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pepperdine University - Case Study Example The MSOD program administrator was responsible for marketing and recruiting new students, managing the delivery logistics of the off-site program, managing the students’ registration and financial relationships with the university and maintaining relationships with the MSOD alumni (Otis,1993). The proposal is to change the job design of the MSOD program administrator. The proposal suggested that he continue to perform all the current duties of the position and in addition provide administrative support to two PKE classes from their initial class to graduation. Moreover, he would receive additional compensation for the title change and increased responsibilities. The proposed change should occur to improve efficiencies, to recognize the MSOD program Administrator’s outstanding productivity and to cut cost at the university level. In conclusion, Pepperdine University will benefit from the proposal to change the job design of the program administrator’s staff. The proposed change will also reduce the work load of the job position and enhance work productivity and efficiency. The proposed change will also ensure that tasks are shared between various departments to ensure faster delivery and work

Compare the Funerary Mask of Tutankhamen and that of Lord Pakal Essay

Compare the Funerary Mask of Tutankhamen and that of Lord Pakal - Essay Example The mask depicts a face of a young and good-looking man. It has been acknowledged that the mask has little to do with actual facial expressions of the king (Renfrew 164). It is a perfect mask of a perfect face. This perfection is achieved through proportionality and, of course, materials used. The eyes are highlighted with the help of lapis lazuli and there are two symbols of the king’s power (cobra and vulture) on the mask. Admittedly, the mask reveals the power, wealth and glory of the king. More importantly, the mask stands for the divine nature of the pharaoh. According to Ancient Egyptians’ beliefs, pharaohs stopped their earthly existence and turned into gods. Gold was the symbol of this transformation. Therefore, after his death, Tutankhamen was no longer a mortal but became a god and the mask depicted the divine features of the deceased. The major purpose of the mask was to stress the divine nature of the diseased or rather his transformation into a deity. As far as Lord Pakal is concerned, he was buried in 683 CE (Carrasco 113). Unlike Tutankhamen’s funeral mask, Lord Pakal’s funerary mask is not made of gold. It is primarily made of jade with the use of albite, conch shell, veined quartz, stucco and obsidian. The mask is a mosaic of perfectly fitted stones. Just like the mask of the Egyptian king, the mask of Lord Pakal can be regarded as quite a schematic representation of the great warrior’s face. More so, the prolonged nose (that starts on the forehead) can hardly be a facial feature of the Mayan king. Again, the mask is not aimed at depicting the actual man but rather the king who transformed into a deity after his death. Precious materials are used to reveal the divine nature of the king. More so, the mask was a symbol of transition from life to death and back as it was a symbol of eternity (Sharer 453). Notably, the elaborate mosaic could also embody another important belief of the Mayas. The people of Mesopotamia believed in

Medical Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medical Sociology - Essay Example Robert Koch, a German physician, continued work related to the bacteriological revolution and discovered, along with others, the reasons for specific diseases by linking them with specific bacteria as identified by their different types. As a result, medical science reached new heights as hospitals became safe havens for treatment for a multitude of diseases. The mortality rates of Europe declined primarily because of the bacteriological revolution-led improvement in medical treatment. The bacteriological revolution took place over many years and in phases. The first one began, roughly, around 1835 and lasted till 1875 in Berlin by Theodor Schwann, who experimented in the laboratory to observe the phenomenon that alcoholic fermentation took place in unheated air i.e. in the presence of microscopic organisms. Louis Pasteur took forward Theodor Schwann’s work, and conducted the fermentation of wine, bread, cheese, etc, twenty years later. Unlike others, Pasteur experimented in an artificial environment which was controllable, and so, each micro organism could be studied in isolation. After immense research, training students and publishing numerous papers and books on the subject, Pasteur established his own school of research. Pasteur’s methods were considered very difficult and thus, were not adopted by many people (Mendelsohn, 2010). Louis Pasteur was teaching at a university when he was persuaded by a wine company to find out why some wine becomes sour in the process of being made. He discovered, during his research, that germs in the air which could be seen under the microscope are behind this phenomenon. Consequently, the process of pasteurization came into being whereby, germs are killed by boiling the liquid and then cooling it—in this case, the liquid was wine. From this process, Pasteur went further to prove that germs are present in the air and so, could be stopped from getting into the liquid. This formed

What makes a place a home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What makes a place a home - Essay Example A house is simple a dwelling place but a home is said to be a livable place where families and friends can enjoy the company of each other, sharing intrinsic and intangible values such as peace, happiness and especially, love. Looking further into the contradictions, this paper will discuss in detail how the aforementioned characteristics turn a house into a home. A house simply caters to one’s physical needs. Since shelter is one of man’s basic needs, a dwelling place then becomes necessary but having a place to stay does not always mean a person has a home. A house is devoid of values such as peace. For instance, one has a sanctuary to call but it is only a place to cover him from the heat of the sun, the pouring of the rain or the cold winter nights. The place may give him the needed protection from the weather but it may not give him peace of mind because of other dangers such as robbers, murderers and other criminal acts. Therefore, the man may always be in fear. O n the other hand, a place is called a home when it provides a peaceful and comfortable habitation. A home give the dweller peace of mind because it does not only provide shelter through the changing seasons but also give an emotional and psychological assurance that the person will be far from any danger. In addition, this can also be extended to the condition of the dwellers themselves. For instance, in a house, the people living in it may always be fighting even over trivial matters. Therefore, the place only serves as a place for the family to find shelter. Nevertheless, a home will not only do that but will also give a welcoming atmosphere to all the people living in it. This becomes true when the people there are at peace with each other, making each other feel comfortable in order for them to make others stay and not want to move away. Secondly, a home is a dwelling place filled with happiness. There are so many things that bring people happiness such as food, valuables and a good company. A house filled with such things make up a home. One cannot say an abode is a home when it merely serves to provide shelter, being lacking in other important things. A place where there is no available food brings bad experiences such as pictures of a hunger so that one would not dare go to when he is in need of food. Lack of food is one of the reasons of many fights among family members. A mother trying to earn money to buy food for her two children can easily get mad at her husband who is wasting all his money on alcohol and drugs and does not even try to find a job. In such case, there is no peace and therefore, there will be no happiness. A place where entertainment and other valuable materials are not available as well cannot be fully called a home because material possessions bring happiness to people especially in these modern times. In relation to the discussion on peace, happiness will also be absent when peace is deprived in the house. In other words, when one is at peace with himself and his dwelling place, his residence can be called a home. Moreover, when he is at peace with the other people in the house, happiness is shared among them and therefore the place is called a home. Lastly, a lodging is called a home when there is love. Peace and happiness may be experienced by a lone dweller but love is only experienced between two or more people. From such definition, it could be said that a house cannot be fully called a home when there is no love that is shared in it. Therefore, a person who lives alone in a beautiful and comfortable house where all his needs are provided for does not live in a home but a house. The loneliness felt in such a place explains why one person would not want to abide in the residence forever. Some

Leading and managing Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leading and managing Change - Essay Example Throughout the history, leadership remains an important point for interest for the social scientists, theorists and experts (Boal and Hooijberg, 2000, p515). The leadership theories and philosophies evolved from the beginning of the twentieth century and up to present day the experts have identifies several important characteristics that are supposed to be essential parts of the leaders’ personalities. The organizations usually encounter wide range of changes in their operations either in form of change in working structure or induction of new technology within the business and it is their core responsibility to create readiness for change in the organization (Boeker, 1992, p400). Changes are inevitable for the organizations in today’s rapidly changing and highly competitive business environment. However, only well planned and well manages changes could provide desired benefits to the firms by fostering efficiency, productivity and performance of the organization. In ca se of implementing any type of change the organizations have to encounter resistance from the employees due to the threats they foresee in case of change implementation. Their resistance strongly affect the organizational readiness for change implementation hence the leadership has to strategically work for retaining the employees’ trust and confidence upon the organization so that they can take the change positive and beneficial for them (Singh et al, 1986, p611). The success of change implementation depends upon number of critically important factors. Among these factors the readiness for change in an important one that any organization could not afford to ignore while planning a change. The readiness for change is reflected through the beliefs of the members of the organization, their attitude and intention for making the change successful. The members either respond favourable towards the change by supporting it or they respond elsewise by resisting the change and change effort. In such case, the leadership has to perform key role in changing the members' perceptions so that they can develop favourable response and belief towards the change and could support it rather resisting against the change. The essay discusses the leadership theories in the context of change management and discusses how different leadership attributes and qualities help in managing change and preparing readiness in the organization for change. The essay discusses the importance of organizations’ readiness for change and analyses the role of leadership in creating readiness in the organization for change by all the stakeholders the continuation or positive change in the vision and working patterns of the firms. In this regard, the paper reviews the literature exist around the topic and strives to explore the issue with the help of the reference of the relevant literature. Readiness for Change The management of change management is very crucial and challenging activity a nd important concept within the discipline of management that basically refers to the implementation of change in controlled method using predefined framework. There are certain important principles that are supposed to be followed for successful change management. It is important to get the support from the environment and system to make change successfully implemented in to the organization. The importance of leadership in the context of change management has been recognized and explained by the theorists from time to time and it has been widely accepted

Chi-square Distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chi-square Distribution - Essay Example By applying the chi-square distribution and analysis to the information provided for WidgeCorp Company, we are able to find whether the data and the chi test are independent and thus be able to accept or reject the null hypothesis. We realize that the sales data and the use of the software will present with categorical data which ultimately allows us to use non-parametric analysis through a chi-squared test. The answers to possible questions from the variables could ‘yes, there is a relationship between sales and use of software’ or ‘no’.Considering the distribution of the sales force of WidgeCorp, it is convenient to assume that in each region, there are 500 sales persons which give the total of 500. Since we are told that only half of this number was given the software during the test period, we hypothesize that suppose this number is equally divided for the Southeast and the West region, then all of the agents in these two regions were given the software leading to the chi-square analysis below.Consequently, the data can be presented in a contingency table as indicated below to facilitate the computation of chi-squared for the stated hypothesis.From the calculations, we obtain a chi-square of 2.62 with a degree of freedom for the data set 1 (obtained from rows and columns). From the chi distribution table in appendix 1 with section provided below, we obtain a chi-square probability of 3.81 which is greater than the calculated x2 and we, therefore, reject the null hypothesis in this regard.

Andrea and Overfield, The Human Record, Sources of Global History Vol Essay

Andrea and Overfield, The Human Record, Sources of Global History Vol. II (Cengage) hereafter AO - Essay Example In the year 1789, the assembly passed the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen. This declaration was a result of the direct consequences of what was taking place in France during this period. This declaration was important during that time since it help in annulling the right of the nobles to demand tithes, taxes and labor from peasants who were working on their family land. This was a great step in the liberation of man and the fight for human rights. This declaration was partly inspired the revolution that was taking place in America at that time (Andrea and Overfield 254). Unlike the declaration in America that â€Å"all men are equal†, the declaration made in France stated, â€Å"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. The distinction in society may be founded only upon the general good†. This declaration left room for racial prejudice to take place. It stated that despite man being free there will always be a social difference. During this time, the blacks were mistreated for social purposes and were not fully given their rights in the society. Even though they were facing mistreatment from the general French public, the black French population had the right to resist the oppressions as this was provided by the declaration. The period of revolution and declaration of the right of man was volatile/ most of the churches were closed and priests were being hunted down. Politics at this time had taken a different twist and idea of persecution of the Catholics as well as the Protestants began. Several churches were closed, and others converted to temples for fear of persecution. The church was not safe no more. In respect to human rights and dignity, there was the abolishment of the water wheel and introduction of the guillotine. It is no coincidence that the universal declarations of the rights of humans, the European Convention for the human rights protection and the first treaty of the communities in Europe have their origins

Immigrant Women rights and problems in Canada Essay

Immigrant Women rights and problems in Canada - Essay Example For instance, Middle East and Caribbean regions reports indicate a vastly different lifestyle for women as compared to that of the Canadian women. Additionally, the government in Canada has been on the forefront in the recognition, valuation, expression and enactment of women rights in all sectors of the country’s economy. Canada is known as a country with few original residents than the immigrants, a factor that makes the immigrant women to acquire egalitarianism as that of original citizens. More over, protection of women rights in regard to job market, law, family violence and social has been a forefront objective in the country since the realization of women significance in a cosmopolitan society. Nevertheless, immigrant women in Canada do face some immense problems and challenges that still need suitable measures that would address them. Therefore, Life of women in Canada has experienced drastic shifts in the recent years (Magocsi, 1999). The discussion in this paper is o bjected towards the establishment of Immigrant women rights and problems in Canada. An overview of how women rights as well as gender egalitarianism are valued in Canada will also be provided. It is also found ample to establish the several areas in which women rights have been recognized and enacted in the country, and some problems and challenges facing the arena. The effectiveness of application of these rights is also evaluated to enhance comprehensiveness in understanding of human rights. Human rights value and recognition in Canada Human rights are highly valued in Canada than any other nation in the world. Every rights aspect has been well taken care of to enhance the satisfaction of her citizens despite their multicultural backgrounds. The universal Human rights affirmation by the government and all other entities has played a pivotal role in the building of an extraordinary framework for dealing with human issues. More so, enactment of standards and human rights objectives is made easy, which improves the aspiration of the available institutions, legislation as well as individuals. Women in living and working in the Canadian society are given authority to maintain and protect a position that is respectful in their realms. The signing and establishment of women rights by the Canadian government was meant to facilitate an excellent livelihood for the women in the country (Magocsi, 1999). On the hand, several other parts of the world have been so reluctant in the recognition of human rights and freedom. Torture, intimidation and violence have become the order of the day in some societies in the world. However, this has acquired a distinct take in the Canadian society for it has become a world leader in endorsing and safeguarding women's rights in addition to gender egalitarianism. Working and talking is allowed in all sectors. Sitting and working besides guys in offices and working with them is not a big deal in Canada. It is also evident that women who have immigrated to Canada have also been given full rights due to the emphasis that the